MongoDB 菜鸟入门“秘籍”

{"site":"www.along.com", "name":"阿龙"}

{"site":"www.baidu.com"}
{"site":"www.google.com","name":"Google"}
{"site":"www.along.com","name":"阿龙","num":5}

db.col.findOne()

db.createCollection("mycoll", {capped:true, size:100000})

> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

> db
admin

> use local
switched to db local
> db
local

dbname.system.*

> var newObject = ObjectId()
> newObject.getTimestamp()
ISODate("2018-12-28T03:22:25Z")

> newObject.str
5c25972c9c9c7e85af88d54f

BSON 时间戳类型主要用于 MongoDB 内部使用。在大多数情况下的应用开发中，你可以使用 BSON 日期类型。

> var mydate1 = new Date()     //格林尼治时间
> mydate1
ISODate("2018-12-28T03:12:02.646Z")
> typeof mydate1
object
> var mydate2 = ISODate() //格林尼治时间
> mydate2
ISODate("2018-12-28T03:12:15.669Z")
> typeof mydate2
object

> var mydate1str = mydate1.toString()
> mydate1str
Fri Dec 28 2018 11:12:02 GMT+0800 (CST)
> typeof mydate1str
string

> Date()
Fri Dec 28 2018 11:13:34 GMT+0800 (CST)

export MONGODB_HOME=/usr/local/mongodb

export PATH=$PATH:$MONGODB_HOME/bin

# mongod.conf

# for documentation of all options, see:
#   http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/configuration-options/

# where to write logging data.
systemLog:
  destination: file
  logAppend: true
  path: /usr/local/mongodb/mongod.log

# Where and how to store data.
storage:
  dbPath: /usr/local/mongodb/data
  journal:
    enabled: true
#  engine:
#  wiredTiger:

# how the process runs
processManagement:
  fork: true  # fork and run in background
  pidFilePath: /usr/local/mongodb/mongod.pid  # location of pidfile
  #timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

# network interfaces
net:
  port: 27017
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0  # Enter 0.0.0.0,:: to bind to all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses or, alternatively, use the net.bindIpAll setting.

security:
  authorization: enabled

#!/bin/bash

export MONGO_HOME=/usr/local/mongodb
#chkconfig:2345 20 90
#description:mongod
#processname:mongod
case $1 in
          start)
              $MONGO_HOME/bin/mongod --config $MONGO_HOME/etc/mongodb.conf
              ;;
          stop)
              $MONGO_HOME/bin/mongod  --shutdown --config $MONGO_HOME/etc/mongodb.conf
              ;;
          status)
              ps -ef | grep mongod
              ;;
          restart)
              $MONGO_HOME/bin/mongod  --shutdown --config $MONGO_HOME/etc/mongodb.conf
              $MONGO_HOME/bin/mongod --config $MONGO_HOME/etc/mongodb.conf
              ;;
          *)
              echo "require start|stop|status|restart"
              ;;
esac

MongoDB shell version v4.0.5
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("b12b375a-ed71-4a65-8a05-e7792ca8cd82") }
MongoDB server version: 4.0.5
> 

MongoDB shell version v4.0.5
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("a36d4d10-be27-4848-981a-8fca29a57dea") }
MongoDB server version: 4.0.5
> show dbs   #查询数据库，因为没有权限，所以不显示数据库
--- 创建root管理员用户
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser({user:"root",pwd:"along",roles:["root","userAdminAnyDatabase"]})
Successfully added user: { "user" : "root", "roles" : [ "root", "userAdminAnyDatabase" ] }
--- 认证登录root用户，返回1认证登录成功
> db.auth("root","along")
1
> show users   #查看创建用户
{
    "_id" : "admin.root",
    "user" : "root",
    "db" : "admin",
    "roles" : [
        {
            "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
            "db" : "admin"
        }
    ],
    "mechanisms" : [
        "SCRAM-SHA-1",
        "SCRAM-SHA-256"
    ]
}
> show dbs   #查询数据库
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
> exit
bye

> show dbs   #没有权限报错
2018-12-28T14:49:11.832+0800 E QUERY    [js] Error: listDatabases failed:{
    "ok" : 0,
    "errmsg" : "command listDatabases requires authentication",
    "code" : 13,
    "codeName" : "Unauthorized"
} :
_getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13
Mongo.prototype.getDBs@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:124:1
shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:876:19
shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:766:15
@(shellhelp2):1:1
> use admin    #认证，因为在admin下面添加的帐号，所以要到admin下面验证。
switched to db admin
> db.auth("root","along")   #认证成功
1
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

> use test   #有则切换，无则新增
switched to db test
> show dbs   #查看所有数据库
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
> db   #查看当前库
test
> db.test.insert({"name":"along"})   #在test库中插入一些数据，show dbs才能显示test库
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
test    0.000GB
> db.dropDatabase()   #删除当前所在数据库
{ "dropped" : "test", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

db.createCollection(name, options)

show collections 

db.collection.drop()

> use test
switched to db test
> db.createCollection("runoob")
{ "ok" : 1 }

> show collections
runoob

> db.createCollection("mycol", { capped : true, autoIndexId : true, size : 6142800, max : 10000 } )
{
    # 不推荐使用autoIndexId选项，将来的版本中将删除该选项
    "note" : "the autoIndexId option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release",
    "ok" : 1
}

> db.mycol2.insert({"name" : "along"})
> show collections
mycol
mycol2
runoob

> show collections
mycol
mycol2
runoob
> db.mycol2.drop()
true
> show collections
mycol
runoob

db.COLLECTION_NAME.insert(document)

> db.col.insert({title: 'along', 
    description: 'MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库',
    by: 'along',
    url: 'http://www.along.com',
    tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
    likes: 100
})

> db.col.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c25d58627b8706e05692b0f"), "title" : "along", "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库", "by" : "along", "url" : "http://www.along.com", "tags" : [ "mongodb", "database", "NoSQL" ], "likes" : 100 }

> document=({title: 'along2', 
    description: 'MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库',
    by: 'along',
    url: 'http://www.runoob.com',
    tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
    likes: 100
});

{
    "title" : "along2",
    "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库",
    "by" : "along",
    "url" : "http://www.runoob.com",
    "tags" : [
        "mongodb",
        "database",
        "NoSQL"
    ],
    "likes" : 100
}
> db.col.insert(document)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.col.insert(document)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> > db.col.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c25d7ac27b8706e05692b15"), "title" : "along", "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库", "by" : "along", "url" : "http://www.along.com", "tags" : [ "mongodb", "database", "NoSQL" ], "likes" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c25d7be27b8706e05692b16"), "title" : "along2", "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库", "by" : "along", "url" : "http://www.runoob.com", "tags" : [ "mongodb", "database", "NoSQL" ], "likes" : 100 }

db.collection.update(
   <query>,
   <update>,
   {
     upsert: <boolean>,
     multi: <boolean>,
     writeConcern: <document>
   }
)

> db.col.update({'title':'along'},{$set:{'title':'along3'}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.col.find().pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5c25d7ac27b8706e05692b15"),
    "title" : "along3",
    "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库",
    "by" : "along",
    "url" : "http://www.along.com",
    "tags" : [
        "mongodb",
        "database",
        "NoSQL"
    ],
    "likes" : 100
}

> db.col.update({'title':'along'},{$set:{'title':'MongoDB'}},{multi:true})

db.collection.save(
   <document>,
   {
     writeConcern: <document>
   }
)

>db.col.save({
    "_id" : ObjectId("5c25d7be27b8706e05692b16"),
    "title" : "along4",
    "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库",
    "by" : "Runoob",
    "url" : "http://www.runoob.com",
    "tags" : [
            "mongodb",
            "NoSQL"
    ],
    "likes" : 110
})

>db.col.find().pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5c25d7be27b8706e05692b16"),
    "title" : "along4",
    "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库",
    "by" : "Runoob",
    "url" : "http://www.runoob.com",
    "tags" : [
        "mongodb",
        "NoSQL"
    ],
    "likes" : 110
}

---只更新第一条记录：
db.col.update( { "count" : { $gt : 1 } } , { $set : { "test2" : "OK"} } );
---全部更新：
db.col.update( { "count" : { $gt : 3 } } , { $set : { "test2" : "OK"} },false,true );
---只添加第一条：
db.col.update( { "count" : { $gt : 4 } } , { $set : { "test5" : "OK"} },true,false );
---全部添加进去:
db.col.update( { "count" : { $gt : 5 } } , { $set : { "test5" : "OK"} },true,true );
---全部更新：
db.col.update( { "count" : { $gt : 15 } } , { $inc : { "count" : 1} },false,true );
---只更新第一条记录：
db.col.update( { "count" : { $gt : 10 } } , { $inc : { "count" : 1} },false,false );

db.collection.remove(
   <query>,
   <justOne>
)

db.collection.remove(
   <query>,
   {
     justOne: <boolean>,
     writeConcern: <document>
   }
)

> db.col.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c25d7ac27b8706e05692b15"), "title" : "along3", "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库", "by" : "along", "url" : "http://www.along.com", "tags" : [ "mongodb", "database", "NoSQL" ], "likes" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5c25d7be27b8706e05692b16"), "title" : "along4", "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库", "by" : "Runoob", "url" : "http://www.runoob.com", "tags" : [ "mongodb", "NoSQL" ], "likes" : 110 }

> db.col.remove({'title':'along3'})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })    # 删除了1条数据

> db.col.remove({})
> db.col.find()
……                                        # 没有数据

>db.COLLECTION_NAME.remove(DELETION_CRITERIA,1)

db.collection.find(query, projection)

>db.col.find().pretty()

> db.col.insert({title: 'along', 
    description: 'MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库',
    by: 'along',
    url: 'http://www.along.com',
    tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
    likes: 100
})
> db.col.find().pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5c25dce727b8706e05692b17"),
    "title" : "along",
    "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库",
    "by" : "along",
    "url" : "http://www.along.com",
    "tags" : [
        "mongodb",
        "database",
        "NoSQL"
    ],
    "likes" : 100
}

> db.col.find({key1:value1, key2:value2}).pretty()

> db.col.find({"title":"along","likes":100}).pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5c25dce727b8706e05692b17"),
    "title" : "along",
    "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库",
    "by" : "along",
    "url" : "http://www.along.com",
    "tags" : [
        "mongodb",
        "database",
        "NoSQL"
    ],
    "likes" : 100
}

>db.col.find(
   {
      $or: [
         {key1: value1}, {key2:value2}
      ]
   }
).pretty()

> db.col.find({$or:[{"by":"along"},{"title": "anyone"}]}).pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5c25dce727b8706e05692b17"),
    "title" : "along",
    "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库",
    "by" : "along",
    "url" : "http://www.along.com",
    "tags" : [
        "mongodb",
        "database",
        "NoSQL"
    ],
    "likes" : 100
}

> db.col.find({"likes": {$gt:50}, $or: [{"by": "along"},{"title": "anyone"}]}).pretty()
{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5c25dce727b8706e05692b17"),
    "title" : "along",
    "description" : "MongoDB 是一个 Nosql 数据库",
    "by" : "along",
    "url" : "http://www.along.com",
    "tags" : [
        "mongodb",
        "database",
        "NoSQL"
    ],
    "likes" : 100
}