MongoDB的模糊查询操作(类关系型数据库的 like 和 not like)

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作者:东山絮柳仔

1.作用与语法描述

作用： 正则表达式是使用指定字符串来描述、匹配一系列符合某个句法规则的字符串。许多程序设计语言都支持利用正则表达式进行字符串操作。MongoDB 使用 $regex 操作符来设置匹配字符串的正则表达式。

语法一

{ <field>: { $regex: /pattern/, $options: '<options>' } }
{ <field>: { $regex: 'pattern', $options: '<options>' } }
{ <field>: { $regex: /pattern/<options> } }

语法二

{ <field>: /pattern/<options> }

2.案例演示

假设MongoDB中存放了我们OrderService服务的消息信息，其数据如下：

（以下为演示所用到的9个文档）

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b1c4857fc49c0c14c81"),
    "order" : "QQ00001",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b3b4857fc49c0c14c82"),
    "order" : "QQ00001",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b404857fc49c0c14c83"),
    "order" : "QQ00002",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b454857fc49c0c14c84"),
    "order" : "QQ00002",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b4b4857fc49c0c14c85"),
    "order" : "QQ00003",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b4f4857fc49c0c14c86"),
    "order" : "QQ00003",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305bb74857fc49c0c14c87"),
    "order" : "QQ00003",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponse filter_mmm=\"2\" destcity=\"shenzheng\" origincode=\"QQ0003\" /></Body></Response>""
},

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305bd14857fc49c0c14c88"),
    "order" : "QQ00002",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponse filter_mmm=\"2\" destcity=\"zhongshan\" origincode=\"QQ0002\" /></Body></Response>""
},

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305be94857fc49c0c14c89"),
    "order" : "QQ00001",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponse filter_mmm=\"2\" destcity=\"zhongshan\" origincode=\"QQ0001\" /></Body></Response>""
}

需求：查询 data 字段含有字符 <Head>OK</Head>的文档

执行代码如下：

 db.dbtestregex.find({data:{ $regex:/<Head>OK</Head>/}})

查询代码中的为转移符，以下查询语句也是如此。

返回结果如下：

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305bb74857fc49c0c14c87"),
    "order" : "QQ00003",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponse filter_mmm=\"2\" destcity=\"shenzheng\" origincode=\"QQ0003\" /></Body></Response>""
},


{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305bd14857fc49c0c14c88"),
    "order" : "QQ00002",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponse filter_mmm=\"2\" destcity=\"zhongshan\" origincode=\"QQ0002\" /></Body></Response>""
},


{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305be94857fc49c0c14c89"),
    "order" : "QQ00001",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponse filter_mmm=\"2\" destcity=\"zhongshan\" origincode=\"QQ0001\" /></Body></Response>""
}

上面的查询命令也可以改写成：

 db.dbtestregex.find({data:/<Head>OK</Head>/})

其查询结果是一样的，如下：

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305bb74857fc49c0c14c87"),
    "order" : "QQ00003",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponse filter_mmm=\"2\" destcity=\"shenzheng\" origincode=\"QQ0003\" /></Body></Response>""
},


{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305bd14857fc49c0c14c88"),
    "order" : "QQ00002",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponse filter_mmm=\"2\" destcity=\"zhongshan\" origincode=\"QQ0002\" /></Body></Response>""
},


{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305be94857fc49c0c14c89"),
    "order" : "QQ00001",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponse filter_mmm=\"2\" destcity=\"zhongshan\" origincode=\"QQ0001\" /></Body></Response>""
}

还可以写成：

db.dbtestregex.find({data:{ $regex:'<Head>OK</Head>'}})

其实现功能一样。

3.类关系型数据库中的 not like 功能实现

反向查询虽然不常见，但也是我们DBA必须的。下面我们做一个案例演示，看看在MongoDB中，怎么实现not like 功能的查询。

需求查询data 字段中不含 <Head>OK</Head>的文档

执行脚本如下：

 
 db.dbtestregex.find({data:{ $not: /<Head>OK</Head>/ }})

返回的文档如下;

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b1c4857fc49c0c14c81"),
    "order" : "QQ00001",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},


{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b3b4857fc49c0c14c82"),
    "order" : "QQ00001",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},


{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b404857fc49c0c14c83"),
    "order" : "QQ00002",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},


{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b454857fc49c0c14c84"),
    "order" : "QQ00002",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},


{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b4b4857fc49c0c14c85"),
    "order" : "QQ00003",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
},


{
    "_id" : ObjectId("5d305b4f4857fc49c0c14c86"),
    "order" : "QQ00003",
    "data" : ""<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><Response service=\"OrderService\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>""
}

更多内容可参照官方文档 https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/regex/#op._S_regex

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MongoDB的模糊查询操作(类关系型数据库的 like 和 not like)