先给猴急的客官上干货代码
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前言
事情的起因是因为疫情严重,领导要求做一个专题页,能够尽可能帮助所需要的人。
于是乎本狗与同事挑灯奋战,加班加点赶工出来。
部署上线完成,用微信内置浏览器分享后,理想状态应该是这样的,如下图⬇️
但是,结果却不是理想的这样,默默地留下了没有技术的泪水,如下图⬇️
竟然没有关键字和展示图片,在本菜狗的不懈努力下,终于承认技术不行,去请教了大佬,得出如下结论。
- 1.微信内置浏览器分享若需要自定义展示描述及右侧封面图,必须接入微信JSSDK,并且一定需要有配合本站的微信公众号(appId和appSecret)才可自定义分享,切记小程序(appId和appSecret)的不可以
- 2.非微信分享,如QQ浏览器,UC浏览器等各大厂商,会根据自身定义获取HTML页面中的TDK(title,description,keyword),举例UC浏览器分享⬇️
所以,对接微信JSSDK,势在必行!
Tip
史上最详细的接入微信JSSDK菜鸟教程,本文全面的记录了接入微信JSSDK的步骤,具体的代码及遇到的坑,并且展示发布最终效果,并将代码发布GitHub。随篇幅较长,但史上最全。大佬勿喷,新手入门,亲测可用!!!
本文试用人群
- 需要接入微信JSSDK却看不懂文档的同学
- 看懂文档但是实操不知如何下手的同学
- 下了手但是出错不知道如何调试修改的同学
- 成功接入过但是想重温具体流程的同学
本文目标
- 实战进行H5网站微信自定义分享
- 实战进行H5网站调取相册选取图片
放松心态,慢慢来看
正文
官方文档
任何平台接入,官方文档是标杆,虽有些关键点一笔带过,我们也要通读有个印象,点击微信官方文档打开文档,如下⬇️
总览
- 1.x是接入关键步骤,需仔细品读,与接入有关
- 2.x - 12.x 具体接口接入,需要对接时具体参考
- 13.x 需要注意下,api_ticket 微信临时票据,与接入有关
- 16-22 均是附录,可查阅错误列表对应含义,及接口菜单列表等描述
实操步骤
使用IDEA工具,新建SpringBoot项目,项目名为springboot-wexin,目录结构如下
AjaxJson.java - 自定义接口返回前台数据格式的封装类
/**
* Copyright © 2005-2020 <a href="http://www.jhmis.com/">jhmis</a> All rights reserved.
*/
package net.javadog.springbootwexin.common;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
/**
* $.ajax后需要接受的JSON
*
*/
public class AjaxJson {
private boolean success = true;// 是否成功
private String errorCode = "-1";//错误代码
private String msg = "操作成功";// 提示信息
private Long count; //返回表格记录数量
private List<?> data; //返回表格数据
private LinkedHashMap<String, Object> body = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();//封装json的map
public static AjaxJson ok(){
AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson();
return j;
}
public static AjaxJson ok(String msg){
AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson();
j.setMsg(msg);
return j;
}
public static AjaxJson ok(String msg, Object object){
AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson();
j.setMsg(msg);
j.setResult(object);
return j;
}
public static AjaxJson ok(Object object){
AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson();
j.setResult(object);
return j;
}
public static AjaxJson fail(String errorMsg){
AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson();
j.setSuccess(false);
j.setErrorCode("999");//默认错误码
j.setMsg(errorMsg);
return j;
}
public static AjaxJson fail(String errorCode,String errorMsg){
AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson();
j.setSuccess(false);
j.setErrorCode(errorCode);
j.setMsg(errorMsg);
return j;
}
//返回不分页的layui表数据
public static AjaxJson layuiTable(List<?> list){
AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson();
j.setSuccess(true);
j.setCount(Long.valueOf(list.size()));
j.setData(list);
return j;
}
public LinkedHashMap<String, Object> getBody() {
return body;
}
public void setBody(LinkedHashMap<String, Object> body) {
this.body = body;
}
public void put(String key, Object value){//向json中添加属性,在js中访问,请调用data.map.key
body.put(key, value);
}
public void remove(String key){
body.remove(key);
}
/**
* 直接设置result内容
* @param result
*/
public void setResult(Object result){
body.put("result", result);
}
@JsonIgnore//返回对象时忽略此属性
public Object getResult(){
return body.get("result");
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {//向json中添加属性,在js中访问,请调用data.msg
this.msg = msg;
}
public boolean isSuccess() {
return success;
}
public void setSuccess(boolean success) {
this.success = success;
}
public void setErrorCode(String errorCode) {
this.errorCode = errorCode;
}
public String getErrorCode() {
return errorCode;
}
public Long getCount() {
return count;
}
public void setCount(Long count) {
this.count = count;
}
public List<?> getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(List<?> data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
WxInitController.java - 微信初始化接入Controller控制器
package net.javadog.springbootwexin.controller;
import net.javadog.springbootwexin.common.AjaxJson;
import net.javadog.springbootwexin.service.WxService;
import net.javadog.springbootwexin.utils.WxUtil;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 一个低端小气没档次的程序狗 JavaDog
* blog.javadog.net
*
* @BelongsProject: springboot-wexin
* @BelongsPackage: net.javadog.springbootwexin.controller
* @Author: hdx
* @CreateTime: 2020-02-14 14:52
* @Description: 微信初始化接入Controller控制器
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/weixin")
public class WxInitController {
protected Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
@Autowired
private WxService wxService;
/**
*@Author: hdx
*@CreateTime: 20:39 2020/2/14
*@param: shareUrl 分享url地址
*@Description: 初始化微信JSSDK Config信息
1.先通过appId和appSecret参数请求指定微信地址 获取AccessToken
2.在通过第一步中的AccessToken作为参数请求微信地址 获取jsapi_ticket临时票据(此处不考虑调用频率,使用者根据情况放入缓存或定时任务)
3.通过第二步的JssdkGetticket和timestamp,nonceStr,url作为参数请求微信地址,获取签名signature
4.将第三步获得的signature和jsapi_ticket,nonceStr,timestamp,url返回给前端,作为Config初始化验证的信息
*/
@RequestMapping("/initWXJSSDKConfigInfo")
public AjaxJson initWXJSConfig (@RequestParam(required = false) String url) throws Exception{
logger.info("url=" + url);
String json = "";
try {
Map map = wxService.initJSSDKConfig(url);
json = WxUtil.mapToJson(map);
}catch (Exception e){
AjaxJson.fail(e.getMessage());
}
return AjaxJson.ok(json);
}
}
WxService.java - 初始化JSSDKConfig
package net.javadog.springbootwexin.service;
import lombok.Getter;
import net.javadog.springbootwexin.utils.WxUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* 一个低端小气没档次的程序狗 JavaDog
* blog.javadog.net
*
* @BelongsProject: springboot-wexin
* @BelongsPackage: net.javadog.springbootwexin.service
* @Author: hdx
* @CreateTime: 2020-02-14 20:43
* @Description: 微信相关service
*/
@Service
public class WxService {
@Getter
private static String AppId;
@Value("${wx.appId}")
public void setAppId(String appId) {
AppId = appId;
}
/**
*@Author: hdx
*@CreateTime: 20:46 2020/2/14
*@param: shareUrl 分享的url
*@Description: 初始化JSSDKConfig
*/
public Map initJSSDKConfig(String url) throws Exception {
//获取AccessToken
String accessToken = WxUtil.getJSSDKAccessToken();
//获取JssdkGetticket
String jsapiTicket = WxUtil.getJssdkGetticket(accessToken);
String timestamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
String nonceStr = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
String signature = WxUtil.buildJSSDKSignature(jsapiTicket,timestamp,nonceStr,url);
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("url", url);
map.put("jsapi_ticket", jsapiTicket);
map.put("nonceStr", nonceStr);
map.put("timestamp", timestamp);
map.put("signature", signature);
map.put("appid", AppId);
return map;
}
}
WxUtil.java - 微信工具类
package net.javadog.springbootwexin.utils;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
import lombok.Getter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 一个低端小气没档次的程序狗 JavaDog
* blog.javadog.net
*
* @BelongsProject: springboot-wexin
* @BelongsPackage: net.javadog.springbootwexin.utils
* @Author: hdx
* @CreateTime: 2020-02-14 21:19
* @Description: 微信工具类
*/
@Component
public class WxUtil {
@Getter
protected static String AppId;
@Getter
protected static String AppSecret;
@Getter
protected static String JssdkAccesstokenUrl;
@Getter
protected static String JssdkGetticketUrl;
@Value("${wx.appId}")
public void setAppId(String appId) {
AppId = appId;
}
@Value("${wx.appSecret}")
public void setAppSecret(String appSecret) {
AppSecret = appSecret;
}
@Value("${wx.jssdk_accesstoken_url}")
public void setJssdkAccesstokenUrl(String jssdkAccesstokenUrl) {
JssdkAccesstokenUrl = jssdkAccesstokenUrl;
}
@Value("${wx.jssdk_getticket_url}")
public void setJssdkGetticketUrl(String jssdkGetticketUrl) {
JssdkGetticketUrl = jssdkGetticketUrl;
}
/**
*@Author: hdx
*@CreateTime: 21:31 2020/2/14
*@param: * @param null
*@Description:
*/
public static String getJSSDKAccessToken() {
String token = null;
String url = JssdkAccesstokenUrl.replaceAll("APPID",
AppId).replaceAll("APPSECRET",
AppSecret);
String json = postRequestForWeiXinService(url);
Map map = jsonToMap(json);
if (map != null) {
token = (String) map.get("access_token");
}
return token;
}
/**
*@Author: hdx
*@CreateTime: 21:40 2020/2/14
*@param: * @param null
*@Description: 根据accessToken获取JssdkGetticket
*/
public static String getJssdkGetticket(String accessToken) {
String url = JssdkGetticketUrl.replaceAll("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken);
String json = postRequestForWeiXinService(url);
Map map = jsonToMap(json);
String jsapi_ticket = null;
if (map != null) {
jsapi_ticket = (String) map.get("ticket");
}
return jsapi_ticket;
}
/**
*@Author: hdx
*@CreateTime: 21:41 2020/2/14
*@param:ticket 根据accessToken生成的JssdkGetticket
*@param:timestamp 支付签名时间戳,注意微信jssdk中的所有使用timestamp字段均为小写。但最新版的支付后台生成签名使用的timeStamp字段名需大写其中的S字符
*@param:nonceStr 随机字符串
*@param:url 当前网页的URL
*@Description: 构建分享链接的签名
*/
public static String buildJSSDKSignature(String ticket,String timestamp,String nonceStr ,String url) throws Exception {
String orderedString = "jsapi_ticket=" + ticket
+ "&noncestr=" + nonceStr + "×tamp=" + timestamp
+ "&url=" + url;
return sha1(orderedString);
}
/**
* sha1 加密JSSDK微信配置参数获取签名。
*
* @return
*/
public static String sha1(String orderedString) throws Exception {
String ciphertext = null;
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
byte[] digest = md.digest(orderedString.getBytes());
ciphertext = byteToStr(digest);
return ciphertext.toLowerCase();
}
/**
* 将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串
*
* @param byteArray
* @return
*/
private static String byteToStr(byte[] byteArray) {
String strDigest = "";
for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++) {
strDigest += byteToHexStr(byteArray[i]);
}
return strDigest;
}
/**
* 将字节转换为十六进制字符串
*
* @param mByte
* @return
*/
private static String byteToHexStr(byte mByte) {
char[] Digit = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
char[] tempArr = new char[2];
tempArr[0] = Digit[(mByte >>> 4) & 0X0F];
tempArr[1] = Digit[mByte & 0X0F];
String s = new String(tempArr);
return s;
}
/**
*@Author: hdx
*@CreateTime: 21:49 2020/2/14
*@param: map
*@Description: mapToJson
*/
public static String mapToJson(Map map){
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(map);
return json;
}
/**
*@Author: hdx
*@CreateTime: 21:37 2020/2/14
*@param: json
*@Description: jsonToMap
*/
private static Map jsonToMap(String json) {
Gson gons = new Gson();
Map map = gons.fromJson(json, new TypeToken<Map>(){}.getType());
return map;
}
/**
*@Author: hdx
*@CreateTime: 21:36 2020/2/14
*@param: * @param null
*@Description: 调取微信接口
*/
private static String postRequestForWeiXinService(String getAccessTokenUrl) {
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
ResponseEntity<String> postForEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(getAccessTokenUrl, null, String.class);
String json = postForEntity.getBody();
return json;
}
}
SpringbootWexinApplication.java - SpringBoot启动类
package net.javadog.springbootwexin;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootWexinApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootWexinApplication.class, args);
}
}
config/application.yml - 基础配置文件
spring:
profiles:
#激活配置文件
active: prod
#配置静态资源路径
resources:
static-locations: classpath:/static/
#日志相关
logging:
#配置文件日志路径
config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
#微信相关配置
wx:
#appId (到时候换成自己公众号的)
appId: wx4ad618620f8c3528
#appSecret(到时候换成自己公众号的)
appSecret: b772c7863b29e270aa86e40f9b9e6215
#参考以下文档获取access_token(有效期7200秒,开发者必须在自己的服务全局缓存access_token)
jssdk_accesstoken_url: https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET
#用第一步拿到的access_token 采用http GET方式请求获得jsapi_ticket(有效期7200秒,开发者必须在自己的服务全局缓存jsapi_ticket)
jssdk_getticket_url: https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=jsapi
application-dev.yml -开发配置文件(可选)
# 开发环境配置
spring:
profiles: dev
#端口设置
server:
port: 8000
application-prod.yml -生产配置文件(因JS接口安全域名限制,则采取正式生产配置)
# 生产环境配置
spring:
profiles: prod
#端口设置
server:
port: 8002
application-test.yml -测试配置文件(可选)
# 生产环境配置
spring:
profiles: prod
#端口设置
server:
port: 8002
**demo.html ** - 测试h5页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>测试jssdk</title>
<!--引入微信JS文件-->
<script src="https://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.2.0.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<!--引入jquery-->
<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
//获取当前页面地址
var url = (window.location.href).split('#')[0];
//调取后台接口获取权限验证配置
$.ajax({
type : "get",
/*!!!切记到时候改成自己的*/
url : "http://wxjssdk.javadog.net/weixin/initWXJSSDKConfigInfo?url="+url,//替换网址,xxx根据自己jssdk文件位置修改
success : function(data){
console.log("返回值为=" + data);
var msg = "";
if(data.success){
msg = JSON.parse(data.msg);
}
//通过config接口注入权限验证配置
wx.config({
debug: true, // 开启调试模式,调用的所有api的返回值会在客户端alert出来,若要查看传入的参数,可以在pc端打开,参数信息会通过log打出,仅在pc端时才会打印
appId: msg.appid,
timestamp: msg.timestamp,
nonceStr: msg.nonceStr,
signature: msg.signature,
/*!!!切记到时候按需自己选择,参考文档填写*/
jsApiList: [
"onMenuShareAppMessage",//分享给好友
"chooseImage"
]
});
},
error:function(data){
alert(JSON.stringify(data));
}
});
//通过ready接口处理成功验证
wx.ready(function (){
wx.checkJsApi({
jsApiList: ['chooseImage','onMenuShareAppMessage'],
success: function (res) {JSON.stringify(res)}
});
var shareData = {
title: '标题',
desc: '简介',//这里请特别注意是要去除html
link: url,
imgUrl: 'http://b2b.haier.com/shop/userfiles/sys/1/files/201912/af656b3a-8c2c-424d-937b-a8035deb78f5.jpg'
};
wx.onMenuShareAppMessage(shareData);
});
//从相册选取图片
function wxchooseImage(){
wx.chooseImage({
count: 1, // 默认9
sizeType: ['original', 'compressed'], // 可以指定是原图还是压缩图,默认二者都有
sourceType: ['album', 'camera'], // 可以指定来源是相册还是相机,默认二者都有
success: function (res) {
var localIds = res.localIds; // 返回选定照片的本地ID列表,localId可以作为img标签的src属性显示图片
}
});
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="wxchooseImage();">点我选取相册</button>
</body>
</html>
文章来源: 博客园
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