C#.NET Framework 使用BC库（BouncyCastle） RSA 公钥加密 私钥解密 ver:20230706
环境说明：
.NET Framework 4.6 的控制台程序 。
2020年以后 ，有部分PKCS8私钥（openssl生成）无法用RsaUtil.LoadPrivateKey(strPriPkcs8, "PKCS8")来解析 （https://www.cnblogs.com/runliuv/p/17474269.html）
可以尝试用BC库来处理。
另外，在.NET中：私钥加密，公钥解密。也只能用BC库实现。
加密解析：
//假设私钥长度为1024， 1024/8-11=117。
//如果明文的长度小于117，直接全加密，然后转base64。(data.Length <= maxBlockSize)
//如果明文长度大于117，则每117分一段加密，写入到另一个Stream中，最后转base64。
如果要和其它语言互通，这个分段长度需要和其它语言约定好，不一是 私钥长度/8-11。
解密解析：
//假设私钥长度为1024， 1024/8 =128。
//如果明文的长度小于 128，直接全解密。(data.Length <= maxBlockSize)
//如果明文长度大于 128，则每 128 分一段解密，写入到另一个Stream中，最后 GetString。
用“支付宝开放平台开发助手”生成一组公私钥：
PKCS8私钥：
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
与之匹配的 PKCS1 私钥，用助手转换的：
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
与之匹配的公钥：
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDM9As4OkFLUyEmtqVJJaHkAf0xKR3aq38q6FqSi1vQfy1hUjhh/Z8k5NaT2WnmnchGUOoGsvwtKVAHrS62qvWzAPy7sauvG/O7hu1l+3SsrRDtv/O6hqRjEbPex/hpZM1opdkDtiiuHB5wHFYnD7JouWme9lNAViRcj4bXfqnZqwIDAQAB
BCSignUtil 辅助类，nuget 中引用 Portable.BouncyCastle。
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto; using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Encodings; using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Engines; using Org.BouncyCastle.Security; using System; using System.IO; using System.Text; namespace CommonUtils { public static class BCSignUtil { /// <summary> /// 签名 /// </summary> /// <param name="orgData">原数据字符串</param> /// <param name="privateKeyPKCS8">必须是PKCS8的</param> /// <param name="algorithm">算法</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string SignData(string orgData, string privateKeyPKCS8, string algorithm) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(orgData)) throw new Exception("字符串不能为空!"); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(privateKeyPKCS8)) throw new Exception("privateKeyPKCS8不能为空!"); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(privateKeyPKCS8)) throw new Exception("algorithm 不能为空!"); AsymmetricKeyParameter priKey = GetPrivateKeyParameter(privateKeyPKCS8); byte[] byteData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(orgData); ISigner normalSig = SignerUtilities.GetSigner(algorithm); normalSig.Init(true, priKey); normalSig.BlockUpdate(byteData, 0, byteData.Length);//注意：是byte数组和数组长度，别写成string的长度了 byte[] normalResult = normalSig.GenerateSignature(); //签名结果 string sign = Convert.ToBase64String(normalResult); return sign; } private static AsymmetricKeyParameter GetPrivateKeyParameter(string privateKeyPem) { //获取私钥纯字符串 privateKeyPem = privateKeyPem.Replace("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("r", "").Replace("n", "").Trim(); privateKeyPem = privateKeyPem.Replace("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "").Replace("r", "").Replace("n", "").Trim(); byte[] privateInfoByte = Convert.FromBase64String(privateKeyPem); AsymmetricKeyParameter priKey = PrivateKeyFactory.CreateKey(privateInfoByte); return priKey; } /// <summary> /// 验证签名 /// </summary> /// <param name="orgData">原数据字符串</param> /// <param name="publicKeyPem">公钥</param> /// <param name="responseSign">对方的签名串</param> /// <param name="algorithm">算法</param> /// <returns></returns> public static bool VerifySignature(string orgData, string publicKeyPem, string responseSign, string algorithm) { AsymmetricKeyParameter pubKey = GetPublicKeyParameter(publicKeyPem); byte[] signBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(responseSign); byte[] plainBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(orgData); ISigner verifier = SignerUtilities.GetSigner(algorithm); verifier.Init(false, pubKey); verifier.BlockUpdate(plainBytes, 0, plainBytes.Length);//注意：是byte数组和数组长度，别写成string的长度了 bool isOK = verifier.VerifySignature(signBytes); //验签结果 return isOK; } private static AsymmetricKeyParameter GetPublicKeyParameter(string publicKeyPem) { //获取公钥纯字符串 publicKeyPem = publicKeyPem.Replace("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", "").Replace("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "").Replace("r", "").Replace("n", "").Trim(); byte[] publicInfoByte = Convert.FromBase64String(publicKeyPem); AsymmetricKeyParameter pubKey = PublicKeyFactory.CreateKey(publicInfoByte); return pubKey; } /// <summary> /// RSA加密 /// </summary> /// <param name="orgData">数据</param> /// <param name="key">私钥、公钥</param> /// <param name="isPublicKey">是否为公钥</param> /// <param name="privateKeySize">私钥长度，一般是1024或2048</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string EncryptByKey(string orgData, string key, bool isPublicKey, int privateKeySize) { //非对称加密算法，加解密用 IAsymmetricBlockCipher engine = new Pkcs1Encoding(new RsaEngine()); //加密 //1024长度是117，双方协商好 int maxBlockSize = privateKeySize / 8 - 11; //加密块最大长度限制 engine.Init(true, isPublicKey ? GetPublicKeyParameter(key) : GetPrivateKeyParameter(key)); byte[] byteData = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(orgData); int inputLen = byteData.Length; MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); int offSet = 0; byte[] cache; int i = 0; // 对数据分段加密 while (inputLen - offSet > 0) { if (inputLen - offSet > maxBlockSize) { cache = engine.ProcessBlock(byteData, offSet, maxBlockSize); } else { cache = engine.ProcessBlock(byteData, offSet, inputLen - offSet); } ms.Write(cache, 0, cache.Length); i++; offSet = i * maxBlockSize; } byte[] encryptedData = ms.ToArray(); //var ResultData = engine.ProcessBlock(byteData, 0, byteData.Length); return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptedData); //Console.WriteLine("密文（base64编码）:" + Convert.ToBase64String(testData) + Environment.NewLine); } /// <summary> /// RSA解密 /// </summary> /// <param name="orgData">数据</param> /// <param name="key">私钥、公钥</param> /// <param name="isPublicKey">是否为公钥</param> /// <param name="privateKeySize">私钥长度，一般是1024或2048</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string DecryptByKey(string orgData, string key, bool isPublicKey, int privateKeySize) { orgData = orgData.Replace("r", "").Replace("n", "").Replace(" ", ""); //非对称加密算法，加解密用 IAsymmetricBlockCipher engine = new Pkcs1Encoding(new RsaEngine()); //解密 //1024长度是128，双方协商好 int maxBlockSize = privateKeySize / 8; //解密块最大长度限制 engine.Init(false, isPublicKey ? GetPublicKeyParameter(key) : GetPrivateKeyParameter(key)); byte[] byteData = Convert.FromBase64String(orgData); int inputLen = byteData.Length; MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); int offSet = 0; byte[] cache; int i = 0; // 对数据分段加密 while (inputLen - offSet > 0) { if (inputLen - offSet > maxBlockSize) { cache = engine.ProcessBlock(byteData, offSet, maxBlockSize); } else { cache = engine.ProcessBlock(byteData, offSet, inputLen - offSet); } ms.Write(cache, 0, cache.Length); i++; offSet = i * maxBlockSize; } byte[] encryptedData = ms.ToArray(); //var ResultData = engine.ProcessBlock(byteData, 0, byteData.Length); return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()); //Console.WriteLine("密文（base64编码）:" + Convert.ToBase64String(testData) + Environment.NewLine); } } }
使用代码：
using CommonUtils; using System; namespace ConsoleNetFxRsa加密签名使用BC库 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { try { //PKCS8格式私钥 string strPriPkcs8 = "MIICeQIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmMwggJfAgEAAoGBAMz0Czg6QUtTISa2pUkloeQB/TEpHdqrfyroWpKLW9B/LWFSOGH9nyTk1pPZaeadyEZQ6gay/C0pUAetLraq9bMA/Luxq68b87uG7WX7dKytEO2/87qGpGMRs97H+GlkzWil2QO2KK4cHnAcVicPsmi5aZ72U0BWJFyPhtd+qdmrAgMBAAECgYEAvW67iAbgHt0BASVD9C3iSjpEaVHVlC165o/IVzaTcEx8Bz3Ve0zN8W3JnvIO3ebsG4HiLLr2Nk++9rltOc0eNeGMv7F1e/OFot1wN0ON6s1g4bYh1z5Uz8FcYiMWcqHHICrx+oSFeK9x+I2Zge7enQXcsVnqEhm77ZE5YczSryECQQD9nB58e5efYchF+cYbmURioX18cUMuhQbB9Aq2N55cd689Lg35KZqT8JQTp/8tQSdCJG8d2nU8VKspUKTEAuaDAkEAzuKIIoc9PVJvy90LhIPA9c1S8BPCI7EMCaTZqJ5o3VaR2dqvUZDGX7kL3kYkQ+n7mq3KIECvkEFzA+FOP96XuQJBAJQTKHW0T/YeSKoayUHp/lS8R6F2HCy4PRbXn71+wfbpZqcJEd2OHhQM3tiPOV258esbjMlYeSUNppZL4LgVnXMCQQC7Lvs9Ql+GPDAqo7ToEM1lmICR906QPIBHuX+1sJ3wpYMROWumwPa7ZRH36j6ls+6R5OwcgmpWeuE1gYTrBNsBAkEAn2pEtAljX1foQff6CLozYg/J6J9RmVFcJ6qz0LX3052qNFBQYw8CMHB7VkVNzsDIDC8LX5uP2pzTrdPLew+pPA=="; //PKCS1格式私钥 string strPriPkcs1 = "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"; //公钥 string strPub = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDM9As4OkFLUyEmtqVJJaHkAf0xKR3aq38q6FqSi1vQfy1hUjhh/Z8k5NaT2WnmnchGUOoGsvwtKVAHrS62qvWzAPy7sauvG/O7hu1l+3SsrRDtv/O6hqRjEbPex/hpZM1opdkDtiiuHB5wHFYnD7JouWme9lNAViRcj4bXfqnZqwIDAQAB"; string strDJM = "泰酷拉！123ABC";//待签名字符串 strDJM = "泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC泰酷拉！123ABC";//待加密字符串，超过117字符的测试 Console.WriteLine("待签名字符串：" + strDJM); #region 一、私钥签名 //string algorithm = "SHA1withRSA"; string algorithm = "SHA256withRSA"; string strSigned = BCSignUtil.SignData(strDJM, strPriPkcs8, algorithm); //PKCS8 Console.WriteLine("签名值：" + strSigned); #endregion #region 二、公钥验签（验证签名） //二、公钥验签（验证签名） //验证签名 bool bCheck = BCSignUtil.VerifySignature(strDJM, strPub, strSigned, algorithm);//验证签名双方要保持一致 Console.WriteLine("验证签名：" + bCheck.ToString()); #endregion
//私钥长度，常用 1024 或 2048 int privateKeySize = 1024; //公钥加密 string strJiamihou= BCSignUtil.EncryptByKey(strDJM, strPub,true, privateKeySize); Console.WriteLine("加密后：" + strJiamihou); //私钥解密 string strJiemihou = BCSignUtil.DecryptByKey(strJiamihou, strPriPkcs8, false, privateKeySize); Console.WriteLine("解密后：" + strJiemihou); //私钥加密 strJiamihou = BCSignUtil.EncryptByKey(strDJM, strPriPkcs8, false, privateKeySize); Console.WriteLine("私钥加密后：" + strJiamihou); //公钥解密 strJiemihou = BCSignUtil.DecryptByKey(strJiamihou, strPub, true, privateKeySize); Console.WriteLine("公钥解密后：" + strJiemihou); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine("ex:" + ex.Message); } Console.WriteLine("hello END."); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
这里演示了2组：
1：公钥加密，私钥解密。
2：私钥加密，公钥解密。
文章来源: 博客园
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