RabbitMQ 从入门到精通（一）

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作者:我是派大星

1. 初识RabbitMQ
2. AMQP
3.RabbitMQ的极速入门
4. Exchange(交换机)详解
5. Message 消息

1. 初识RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ 是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器，用来通过普通协议在完全不同的应用之间共享数据，RabbitMQ是使用 Erlang语言来编写的，并且RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议的

RabbitMQ的优点:

开源、性能优秀、稳定性保障
提供可靠性消息投递模式(confirm)、返回模式(return)
与SpringAMQP完美的整合、API丰富
集群模式丰富，表达式配置，HA模式，镜像队列模型
保证数据不丢失的前提下做到高可靠性、可用性

RabbitMQ官网

RabbitMQ的整体架构:

RabbitMQ的消息流转:

2. AMQP

AMQP全称: Advanced Message Queuing Protocol

AMQP翻译: 高级消息队列协议

AMQP定义: 是具有现代特征的二进制协议。是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议，是应用层协议的一个开放标准，为面向消息的中间件设计

AMQP核心概念：

Server:又称Broker，接受客户端的连接，实现AMQP实体服务
Connection:连接，应用程序与Broker的网络连接
Channel:网络信道，几乎所有的操作都在Channel中进行，Channel是进行消息读写的通道。客户端可建立多个Channel，每个Channel代表一个会话任务
Message:消息，服务器和应用程序之间传送的数据，由Properties和Body组成。Properties可以对消息进行修饰，比如消息的优先级、延迟等高级特性；Body则是消息体的内容
Virtual host:虚拟地址，用于进行逻辑隔离，最上层的消息路由。同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue
Exchange:交换机，接收消息，根据路由键转发消息到绑定的队列
Binding:Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟连接,binding中可以包含routing key
Routing key:一个路由规则，虚拟机可用它确定如何路由一个特定消息
Queue:也称为Message Queue，消息队列，保存消息并将它们转发给消费者

3.RabbitMQ的极速入门

后台启动: ./rabbitmq start &

关闭: ./rabbitmqctl stop

节点状态: ./rabbitmqctl status

管控台: http://ip:15672

RabbitMQ生产消费快速入门:

环境： springboot+jdk1.7+rabbitmq3.6.5 (Maven依赖配置)

 <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

public class Procuder {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
        //2.通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3.通过Connection 创建一个 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
    
        /**
         * basicPublish(String exchange, String routingKey, BasicProperties props, byte[] body)
         * exchange:指定交换机 不指定 则默认 （AMQP default交换机） 通过routingkey进行匹配 
         * props 消息属性
         * body 消息体
         */
        //4.通过Channel发送数据
        for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
          System.out.println("生产消息:" + i);
          String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ" + i;
          channel.basicPublish("", "test", null, msg.getBytes());
        }
        
        
        //5.记得关闭相关的连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
                //1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置
                ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
                connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
                connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
                connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
                connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
                //2.通过连接工厂创建连接
                Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
                
                //3.通过Connection 创建一个 Channel
                Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
                
                //4. 声明创建一个队列
                String queueName = "test";
                /**
                 * durable 是否持久化
                 * exclusive 独占的  相当于加了一把锁
                 */
                channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false,false,null);
                
                //5.创建消费者
                QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
                
                //6.设置channel
                /**
                 * ACK: 当一条消息从生产端发到消费端，消费端接收到消息后会马上回送一个ACK信息给broker,告诉它这条消息收到了
                 * autoack: 
                 * true  自动签收 当消费者一收到消息就表示消费者收到了消息，消费者收到了消息就会立即从队列中删除。
                 * false 手动签收 当消费者收到消息在合适的时候来显示的进行确认，说我已经接收到了该消息了，RabbitMQ可以从队列中删除该消息了
                 * 
                 */
                channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
                
                //7.获取消息
                while(true){
                    Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
                    String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
                    System.err.println("消费端:" + msg);
                    //Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
                }
    }
}

4. Exchange(交换机)详解

Exchange: 接收消息，并根据路由键转发消息所绑定的队列

交换机属性:

Name: 交换机名称
Type: 交换机类型 diect、topic、fanout、headers
Durability: 是否需要持久化，true为持久化
AutoDelete: 当最后一个绑定到Exchange的队列删除后，自动删除该Exchange
Internal: 当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用，默认为false (百分之99的情况默认为false 除非对Erlang语言较了解，做一些扩展)
Arguments: 扩展参数, 用于扩展AMQP协议可自定化使用

4.1 Direct Exchange

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息被转发到RouteKey指定的Queue

注意：Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange: default Exchange，所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作，消息传递时，RoutingKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收，否则该消息会被抛弃

public class ProducerDirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2.创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3.创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4.声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";
        //5.发送
        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ4 Direct Exchange Message";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());
    }
}

public class ConsumerDirectExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "direct";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";
        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);
        //建立一个绑定关系
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称,是否自动ACK,Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
        }
    }
}

4.2 Topic Exchange

所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关心RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上

Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配，此时队列需要绑定一个Topic

注意：可以使用通配符进行匹配

符号 # 匹配一个或多个词

符号 * 匹配不多不少一个词

例如: "log.#" 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”

"log.*" 只会匹配到 "log.err"

public class ProducerTopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);

        //2.创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3.创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4.声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "user.save";
        String routingKey2 = "user.update";
        String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
        //5.发送
        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ4 Direct Exchange Message";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, null, msg.getBytes());
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, null, msg.getBytes());
    }
}

public class ConsumerTopicExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "topic";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "user.#";
        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);
        //建立一个绑定关系
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称,是否自动ACK,Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
        }
    }
}

4.3 Fanout Exchange

不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上
发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上
所以Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的

public class ProducerFanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);

        //2.创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3.创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4.声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        //5.发送
        for(int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++){
            String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ4 Direct Exchange Message";
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null, msg.getBytes());
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

public class ConsumerFanoutExchange {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "fanout";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        //无需指定路由key 
        String routingKey = "";
        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);
        //建立一个绑定关系
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称,是否自动ACK,Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
        
        //循环获取消息
        while(true){
            //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
        }
    }
}

5. Message 消息

服务器与应用程序之间传递的数据，本质上就是一段数据，由Properties和Body组成

常用属性：delivery mode、headers (自定义属性)

其他属性：content_type、content_encoding、priority、expiration

消息的properties属性用法示例:

public class Procuder {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
        //2.通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3.通过Connection 创建一个 Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
    
        Map<String,Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
        headers.put("my1", "111");
        headers.put("my2", "222");
        
        //10秒不消费 消息过期移除消息队列
        AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder()
                .deliveryMode(2)
                .contentEncoding("utf-8")
                .expiration("10000")
                .headers(headers)
                .build();
        
        //4.通过Channel发送数据
        for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
          System.out.println("生产消息:" + i);
          String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ" + i;
          channel.basicPublish("", "test", properties, msg.getBytes());
        }
        
        
        //5.记得关闭相关的连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
                //1.创建一个ConnectionFactory 并进行配置
                ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
                connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.244.11");
                connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
                connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
                connectionFactory.setHandshakeTimeout(20000);
                //2.通过连接工厂创建连接
                Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
                
                //3.通过Connection 创建一个 Channel
                Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
                
                //4. 声明创建一个队列
                String queueName = "test";
                channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false,false,null);
                
                //5.创建消费者
                QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
                
                //6.设置channel
                channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
                
                //7.获取消息
                while(true){
                    Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
                    String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
                    System.err.println("消费端:" + msg);
                    
                    Map<String, Object> headers = delivery.getProperties().getHeaders();
                    System.err.println("headers value:" + headers.get("my1"));
                }
    }
}

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RabbitMQ 从入门到精通（一）