using AppFunc = Func<IDictionary<string, object>, Task>;

public class Startup
{
    public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
    {
        // New code:
        app.Run(context =>
        {
            context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
            return context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello, world."+ context.Request.Uri);
        });
    }
}

public interface IOwinContext
{
    //     Gets the Authentication middleware functionality available on the current request.
    IAuthenticationManager Authentication { get; }

    //     Gets the OWIN environment.
    IDictionary<string, object> Environment { get; }

    //     Gets a wrapper exposing request specific properties.
    IOwinRequest Request { get; }

    //     Gets a wrapper exposing response specific properties.
    IOwinResponse Response { get; }

    //     Gets or sets the host.TraceOutput environment value.
    TextWriter TraceOutput { get; set; }

    //     Gets a value from the OWIN environment, or returns default(T) if not present.
    T Get<T>(string key);

    //     Sets the given key and value in the OWIN environment.
    IOwinContext Set<T>(string key, T value);
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        using (Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.Start<Startup1>("http://localhost:9000"))
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Press [enter] to quit...");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
     // Registers a route for the default OWIN application.
     RouteTable.Routes.MapOwinPath("/owin");
	 // Invokes the System.Action startup delegate to build the OWIN application and
     // then registers a route for it on the given path.
     RouteTable.Routes.MapOwinPath("/special", app =>
     {
         app.Run(OwinApp2.Invoke);
     });
}　

public class OwinApp2
{
    // Invoked once per request.
    public static Task Invoke(IOwinContext context)
    {
        context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
        return context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World 2");
    }
}

public class HelloWorldMiddleware : OwinMiddleware
{
   public HelloWorldMiddleware(OwinMiddleware next) : base(next)
   {
   }

   public override Task Invoke(IOwinContext context)
   {
       var response = "Hello World! It is " + DateTime.Now;
       context.Response.Write(response);
       return Next.Invoke(context);
   }
}

public class Startup
{
    public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
    {
        app.Use<HelloWorldMiddleware>();
    }
} 

public class Startup
{
    // Invoked once at startup to configure your application.
    public void Configuration(IAppBuilder builder)
    {
        HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();
        config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("Default", "api/{controller}/{customerID}", new { controller = "Customer", customerID = RouteParameter.Optional });//定义web api route
        //xml格式输出结果 
        config.Formatters.XmlFormatter.UseXmlSerializer = true;

        config.Formatters.Remove(config.Formatters.JsonFormatter);
        // config.Formatters.JsonFormatter.UseDataContractJsonSerializer = true;
        //将web api以Middleware注册到OWIN管道中
        builder.UseWebApi(config);
    }
}

// This method gets called by the runtime.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Add EF services to the services container.
    services.AddEntityFramework(Configuration)
        .AddSqlServer()
        .AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>();

    // Add Identity services to the services container.
    services.AddDefaultIdentity<ApplicationDbContext, ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>(Configuration);

    // Add MVC services to the services container.
    services.AddMvc();

    // Uncomment the following line to add Web API servcies which makes it easier to port Web API 2 controllers.
    // You need to add Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.WebApiCompatShim package to project.json
    // services.AddWebApiConventions();
}

// Configure is called after ConfigureServices is called.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerfactory)
{
    // Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    // Add the console logger.
    loggerfactory.AddConsole();

    // Add the following to the request pipeline only in development environment.
    if (string.Equals(env.EnvironmentName, "Development", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
    {
        app.UseBrowserLink();
        app.UseErrorPage(ErrorPageOptions.ShowAll);
        app.UseDatabaseErrorPage(DatabaseErrorPageOptions.ShowAll);
    }
    else
    {
        // Add Error handling middleware which catches all application specific errors and
        // send the request to the following path or controller action.
        app.UseErrorHandler("/Home/Error");
    }

    // Add static files to the request pipeline.
    app.UseStaticFiles();

    // Add MVC to the request pipeline.
    app.UseMvc(routes =>
    {
        routes.MapRoute(
            name: "default",
            template: "{controller}/{action}/{id?}",
            defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });

        // Uncomment the following line to add a route for porting Web API 2 controllers.
        // routes.MapWebApiRoute("DefaultApi", "api/{controller}/{id?}");
    });
}