支付宝支付流程
在python中封装alipay
安装
>: pip install python-alipay-sdk --upgrade
# 如果抛ssl相关错误，代表缺失该包
>: pip install pyopenssl
结构
libs
├── AliPay # aliapy二次封装包
│ ├── __init__.py # 包文件
│ ├── pem # 公钥私钥文件夹
│ │ ├── alipay_public_key.pem # 支付宝公钥文件
│ │ ├── app_private_key.pem # 应用私钥文件
│ ├── pay.py # 支付文件
└── └── settings.py # 应用配置
alipay_public_key.pem
https://openhome.alipay.com/develop/sandbox/account
前往支付宝开放平台，注册沙箱环境获取支付宝公钥和应用私钥，进行测试。
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
拿应用公钥跟支付宝换来的支付宝公钥
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
app_private_key.pem
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
通过支付宝公钥私钥签发软件签发的应用私钥
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
setting.py
import os
# 应用私钥
APP_PRIVATE_KEY_STRING = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'pem', 'app_private_key.pem')).read()
# 支付宝公钥
ALIPAY_PUBLIC_KEY_STRING = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'pem', 'alipay_public_key.pem')).read()
# 应用ID
APP_ID = '2016093000631831'
# 加密方式
SIGN = 'RSA2'
# 是否是支付宝测试环境(沙箱环境)，如果采用真是支付宝环境，配置False
DEBUG = True
# 支付网关
GATEWAY = 'https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do?' if DEBUG else 'https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do?'
pay.py
from alipay import AliPay
from . import settings
# 支付对象
alipay = AliPay(
appid=settings.APP_ID,
app_notify_url=None,
app_private_key_string=settings.APP_PRIVATE_KEY_STRING,
alipay_public_key_string=settings.ALIPAY_PUBLIC_KEY_STRING,
sign_type=settings.SIGN,
debug=settings.DEBUG
)
# 支付网关
gateway = settings.GATEWAY
init.py
# 包对外提供的变量
from .pay import gateway, alipay
支付相关模型表的设计
"""
class Order(models.Model):
# 主键、总金额、订单名、订单号、订单状态、创建时间、支付时间、流水号、支付方式、支付人(外键) - 优惠劵(外键，可为空)
pass
class OrderDetail(models.Model):
# 订单号(外键)、商品(外键)、实价、成交价 - 商品数量
pass
"""
from django.db import models
from user.models import User
from course.models import Course
class Order(models.Model):
"""订单模型"""
status_choices = (
(0, '未支付'),
(1, '已支付'),
(2, '已取消'),
(3, '超时取消'),
)
pay_choices = (
(1, '支付宝'),
(2, '微信支付'),
)
subject = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name="订单标题")
total_amount = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="订单总价", default=0)
out_trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name="订单号", unique=True)
trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=True, verbose_name="流水号")
order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choices, default=0, verbose_name="订单状态")
pay_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=pay_choices, default=1, verbose_name="支付方式")
pay_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, verbose_name="支付时间")
user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='order_user', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="下单用户")
created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
class Meta:
db_table = "luffy_order"
verbose_name = "订单记录"
verbose_name_plural = "订单记录"
def __str__(self):
return "%s - ￥%s" % (self.subject, self.total_amount)
@property
def courses(self):
data_list = []
for item in self.order_courses.all():
data_list.append({
"id": item.id,
"course_name": item.course.name,
"real_price": item.real_price,
})
return data_list
class OrderDetail(models.Model):
"""订单详情"""
order = models.ForeignKey(Order, related_name='order_courses', on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="订单")
course = models.ForeignKey(Course, related_name='course_orders', on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="课程")
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程原价")
real_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程实价")
class Meta:
db_table = "luffy_order_detail"
verbose_name = "订单详情"
verbose_name_plural = "订单详情"
def __str__(self):
try:
return "%s的订单：%s" % (self.course.name, self.order.out_trade_no)
except:
return super().__str__()
订单模块接口的设计分析
1.点击购买，产生支付接口（生成支付订单（往order和订单详情表插入数据），生成支付链接，返回支付链接）
2.支付宝异步回调的post接口（验证签名、修改订单状态）
3.当支付宝get回调给前端页面（告诉前端支付成功了）,此时vue组件一创建，我们在写一个get请求询问后端是否支付成功。
支付接口
serializes.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
from course.models import Course
from django.conf import settings
class OrderSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 要支持单购物和群购物(购物车)，前台要提交 课程主键(们)
# PrimaryKeyRelatedField方法的作用就是把课程id的列表对象，转换为课程对象的列表对象
course = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Course.objects.all(), write_only=True, many=True)
class Meta:
model = models.Order
fields = ['subject','total_amount','pay_type','course'] # 这些字段是需要前端传给我们进行反序列化的
def _check_price(self,attrs):
total_amount = attrs.get('total_amount')
course_list = attrs.get('course')
total_price = 0
for course in course_list:
total_price += course.price
if total_amount != total_price:
raise ValidationError('价格不正确')
return total_amount
def _gen_order(self):
import uuid
return str(uuid.uuid4()).replace('-','')
def _get_user(self):
request = self.context.get('request')
return request.user
def _get_pay_url(self,out_trade_no,total_amount,subject):
from luffyapi.libs.al_pay import alipay,gateway
order_string = alipay.api_alipay_trade_page_pay (
out_trade_no=out_trade_no,
total_amount=total_amount,
subject=subject,
return_url=settings.RETURN_URL,
notify_url=settings.NOTIFY_URL
)
return gateway+order_string
def _before_create(self,attrs,user,pay_url,out_trade_no):
attrs['user'] = user
attrs['out_trade_no'] = out_trade_no
self.context['pay_url']=pay_url
def validate(self, attrs):
"""
#1）订单总价校验
# 2）生成订单号
# 3）支付用户：request.user
# 4）支付链接生成
# 5）入库(两个表)的信息准备
:param attrs:
:return:
"""
# 1）订单总价校验
total_amount = self._check_price(attrs)
# 2）生成订单号
out_trade_no = self._gen_order()
# 3）支付用户：request.user
user = self._get_user()
# 4）支付链接生成
pay_url = self._get_pay_url(out_trade_no,total_amount,attrs.get('subject'))
# 5）入库(两个表)的信息准备
self._before_create(attrs,user,pay_url,out_trade_no)
return attrs
# 重写create方法
def create(self, validated_data):
course_list = validated_data.pop('course')
order = models.Order.objects.create(**validated_data)
for course in course_list:
models.OrderDetail.objects.create(order=order,course=course,price=course.price,real_price=course.price)
return order
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet,GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin
from rest_framework.decorators import action
from luffyapi.utils.response import APIResponse
from . import models
from . import serializers
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import JSONWebTokenAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework.response import Response
class PayView(GenericViewSet,CreateModelMixin):
queryset = models.Order.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.OrderSerializer
# 下面这两句话是为了给立即购买接口增加认证和权限：只有登录用户才能点击购买
authentication_classes = [JSONWebTokenAuthentication,]
permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated,]
# 重写CreateModelMixin里的create方法，返回自定义的response和添加context
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data,context={'request':request})
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
self.perform_create(serializer)
return Response(serializer.context.get('pay_url'))
前端在立即购买按钮下定义一个方法
// 点击立即购买时，定义一个方法并把课程信息传入
buy_now(course) {
// 先获取一个token，获取不到则提示需要先登录
let token = this.$cookies.get('token')
if (!token) {
this.$message({
message: "请先登录！",
})
return false
}
// 有token，则想后端发送post请求，拿到支付链接
this.$axios(
{
method: 'post',
url: this.$settings.base_url + '/order/pay/',
data: {
"subject": course.name,
"total_amount":course.price,
"pay_type": 1,
"course": [
course.id,
]
},
headers: {Authorization: 'jwt ' + token},
}
)
.then(response => {
// 成功拿到支付链接之后，采用open方法，指定页面跳转支付页面
let pay_url = response.data
// _self指定当前页面直接跳,而不是在新窗口跳转
open(pay_url,'_self')
}).catch(error => {
})
},
支付成功前端页面
<template>
<div class="pay-success">
<!--如果是单独的页面，就没必要展示导航栏(带有登录的用户)-->
<Header/>
<div class="main">
<div class="title">
<div class="success-tips">
<p class="tips">您已成功购买 1 门课程！</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="order-info">
<p class="info"><b>订单号：</b><span>{{ result.out_trade_no }}</span></p>
<p class="info"><b>交易号：</b><span>{{ result.trade_no }}</span></p>
<p class="info"><b>付款时间：</b><span><span>{{ result.timestamp }}</span></span></p>
</div>
<div class="study">
<span>立即学习</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Header from "@/components/Header"
export default {
name: "Success",
data() {
return {
result: {},
};
},
created() {
// url后拼接的参数：?及后面的所有参数 => ?a=1&b=2
// console.log(location.search);
// 解析支付宝回调的url参数
let params = location.search.substring(1); // 去除? => a=1&b=2
let items = params.length ? params.split('&') : []; // ['a=1', 'b=2']
//逐个将每一项添加到args对象中
for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) { // 第一次循环a=1，第二次b=2
let k_v = items[i].split('='); // ['a', '1']
//解码操作，因为查询字符串经过编码的
if (k_v.length >= 2) {
// url编码反解
let k = decodeURIComponent(k_v[0]);
this.result[k] = decodeURIComponent(k_v[1]);
// 没有url编码反解
// this.result[k_v[0]] = k_v[1];
}
}
// 解析后的结果
// console.log(this.result);
// 把地址栏上面的支付结果，再get请求转发给后端
this.$axios({
url: this.$settings.base_url + '/order/success/' + location.search,
method: 'get',
}).then(response => {
console.log(response.data);
}).catch(() => {
console.log('支付结果同步失败');
})
},
components: {
Header,
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.main {
padding: 60px 0;
margin: 0 auto;
width: 1200px;
background: #fff;
}
.main .title {
display: flex;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
padding: 25px 40px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #f2f2f2;
}
.main .title .success-tips {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.title img {
vertical-align: middle;
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
margin-right: 40px;
}
.title .success-tips {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.title .tips {
font-size: 26px;
color: #000;
}
.info span {
color: #ec6730;
}
.order-info {
padding: 25px 48px;
padding-bottom: 15px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #f2f2f2;
}
.order-info p {
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
margin-bottom: 10px;
font-size: 16px;
}
.order-info p b {
font-weight: 400;
color: #9d9d9d;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.study {
padding: 25px 40px;
}
.study span {
display: block;
width: 140px;
height: 42px;
text-align: center;
line-height: 42px;
cursor: pointer;
background: #ffc210;
border-radius: 6px;
font-size: 16px;
color: #fff;
}
</style>
{
path: '/pay/success/',
name: 'PaySuccess',
component: PaySuccess
},
支付宝同步异步回调
支付成功之后，支付宝会给前端发送一个post回调，我们也需要在用户支付成功之后，在前端添加一个同步的get回调，以此来反馈给前端，用户是否支付成功！！
path('success/',views.SuccessView.as_view()),
class SuccessView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
out_trade_no=request.query_params.get('out_trade_no')
order=models.Order.objects.filter(out_trade_no=out_trade_no).first()
if order.order_status==1:
return Response(True)
else:
return Response(False)
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
'''
支付宝回调接口
'''
from luffyapi.libs.al_pay import alipay
from luffyapi.utils.logger import log
data = request.data
out_trade_no=data.get('out_trade_no',None)
gmt_payment=data.get('gmt_payment',None)
signature = data.pop("sign")
# 验证签名
success = alipay.verify(data, signature)
if success and data["trade_status"] in ("TRADE_SUCCESS", "TRADE_FINISHED"):
models.Order.objects.filter(out_trade_no=out_trade_no).update(order_status=1,pay_time=gmt_payment)
log.info('%s订单支付成功'%out_trade_no)
return Response('success') # 这里必须按支付宝规范返回一个success
else:
log.error('%s订单有问题' % out_trade_no)
return Response('error')
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