1.帮助命令
官方帮助文档
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/
dcoker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令2.镜像命令
dcoker images # 查看本地主机上的镜像 (docker image ls)
docker search # 搜索镜像
docker pull # 下载镜像 (docker image pull)
docker rmi # 删除镜像 (docker image rm)查看本地的所有镜像
docker images
[root@fedora ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat 8 2d2bccf89f53 6 months ago 678MB
alpine latest c059bfaa849c 6 months ago 5.58MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 9 months ago 13.3kB
# REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库源
# TAG # 镜像的标签
# IMAGE ID # 镜像的id
# CREATED # 镜像的创建时间
# SIZE # 镜像的大小
# 可选项
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs # 只显示镜像的id
[root@fedora ~]# docker images -aq #显示所有镜像的ID
2d2bccf89f53
feb5d9fea6a5搜索镜像
docker search
[root@fedora ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12751 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4895 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 579 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 555 [OK]
......
# 可选项，通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
[root@fedora ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12751 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4895 [OK]
[root@fedora ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000 #star大于5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12751 [OK] 下载镜像
docker pull
# 下载镜像
# docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@fedora ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 若不加tag，默认是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image 的核心，联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 等价于
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
[root@fedora ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@fedora ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 6 months ago 448MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 6 months ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 9 months ago 13.3kB删除镜像
docker rmi
docker rmi -f 镜像ID # 删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID # 删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除所有镜像[root@fedora ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 6 months ago 448MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 6 months ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 9 months ago 13.3kB
[root@fedora ~]# docker rmi -f mysql:5.7 # 可以用镜像名加标签，也可以用镜像ID
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76
......
Deleted: sha256:5c062c3ac20f576d24454e74781511a5f96739f289edaadf2de934d06e910b92
[root@fedora ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 6 months ago 516MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 9 months ago 13.3kB
[root@fedora ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除所有的镜像
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
......
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:13e367d31ae85359f42d637adf6da428f76d75dc9afeb3c21faea0d976f5c651
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:2498fce14358aa50ead0cc6c19990fc6ff866ce72aeb5546e1d59caac3d0d60f
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
[root@fedora ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE3.容器命令
有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载一个centos测试学习
[root@fedora ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="NAME" # 对容器命名，便于区分容器
-d # 以后台方式运行
-it # 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p # 指定容器的端口，如-p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器)
-p ip:主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P(大写) # 随机指定端口# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@fedora ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@c0b3a59a4b40 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都不完善！
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@c0b3a59a4b40 /]# exit
exit
[root@fedora ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 列出最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c0b3a59a4b40 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago amazing_mestorf
4e2856b49ab3 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago practical_elion
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c0b3a59a4b40 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago amazing_mestorf
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps -aq
c0b3a59a4b40
4e2856b49ab3退出容器
exit # 退出容器，该容器停止运行
Ctrl+P+Q # 退出容器，该容器继续运行[root@fedora ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@850f79cbaca0 /]# exit
exit
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@fedora ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@3ba161d2b592 /]# [root@fedora ~]#
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3ba161d2b592 centos "/bin/bash" 26 seconds ago Up 25 seconds modest_agnesi删除容器
docker rm 容器ID # 删除指定的容器(不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -rf)
docker rm -f $(dcoker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
dcoker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器4.其它常用命令
后台启动容器
# dcoker run -d 镜像名
[root@fedora ~]# docker run -d centos
e1050d6f94c31e0285f0ac13cd1660db486149b0a6c50b76eb514ce01491c04b
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 问题：dcoker ps，发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑：dcoker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有进程，就会自动停止
# 如：nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就是没有进程了查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志
#自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@fedora ~]# docker run -d centos
e1050d6f94c31e0285f0ac13cd1660db486149b0a6c50b76eb514ce01491c04b
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@fedora ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done"
988efb2679049c3b1ea591b049d6be23e3c040caff84af67c27c1cd9098927ca
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
988efb267904 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 6 seconds ago Up 4 seconds boring_blackburn
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志（一直更新）
--tail number # 显示n行日志查看容器中进程的信息
# docker top 容器ID
[root@fedora ~]# docker top 988efb267904
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 33380 33362 0 15:38 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done
root 34367 33380 0 15:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1查看镜像的元数据
docker inspect 容器ID
# docker inspect 容器ID
# 测试
[root@fedora ~]# docker inspect 988efb267904
[
{
"Id": "988efb2679049c3b1ea591b049d6be23e3c040caff84af67c27c1cd9098927ca",
"Created": "2022-06-21T07:38:59.595458076Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 33380,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-06-21T07:39:00.49608619Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/988efb2679049c3b1ea591b049d6be23e3c040caff84af67c27c1cd9098927ca/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/988efb2679049c3b1ea591b049d6be23e3c040caff84af67c27c1cd9098927ca/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/988efb2679049c3b1ea591b049d6be23e3c040caff84af67c27c1cd9098927ca/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/988efb2679049c3b1ea591b049d6be23e3c040caff84af67c27c1cd9098927ca/988efb2679049c3b1ea591b049d6be23e3c040caff84af67c27c1cd9098927ca-json.log",
"Name": "/boring_blackburn",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "btrfs",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "private",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": null,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": null,
"Name": "btrfs"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "988efb267904",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "980493ae95818c3356a6e8f00b9b3e81881eacf575ee2c50abdd3c43cec66cf8",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/980493ae9581",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "842c33105ad065a4b9cb6e14028586ac0f80764101d5c6986e93da5fb896db1a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "2e62a3517f915ae7957898e76b21c2c3be3c078f2b03822f8155c2bbf77fa112",
"EndpointID": "842c33105ad065a4b9cb6e14028586ac0f80764101d5c6986e93da5fb896db1a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是以后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# dcoker exec -it 容器ID bashshell
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
988efb267904 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 19 minutes ago Up 19 minutes boring_blackburn
[root@fedora ~]# docker exec -it 988efb267904 /bin/bash
[root@988efb267904 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 07:38 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done
root 1236 0 0 07:59 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 1269 1 0 07:59 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 1270 1236 0 07:59 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
#测试
docker attach 988efb267904
正在执行当前的代码...
区别
# docker exec # 进入当前容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作。（常用）
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端从容器内拷贝文件到主机
[root@fedora ~]# docker run -it centos # 进入容器
[root@3593a6485284 /]# cd /home/
[root@3593a6485284 home]# touch hello # 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@3593a6485284 home]# ls
hello
[root@3593a6485284 home]# exit # 退出容器
exit
[root@fedora ~]# docker ps -a # exit退出，容器被关闭。但不影响文件的拷贝
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3593a6485284 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 seconds ago sad_jepsen
[root@fedora ~]# docker cp 3593a6485284:/home/hello /root
[root@fedora ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg hello学习方式：将所有的命令敲一遍，自己记录笔记！
内容来源于网络如有侵权请私信删除
文章来源: 博客园
- 还没有人评论，欢迎说说您的想法！
客服
