题面
Sol
(ans=sum_{d=1}^{N}d^k*sum_{i=1}^{lfloorfrac{N}{d}rfloor}mu(i)*lfloorfrac{N}{d*i}rfloor*lfloorfrac{M}{d*i}rfloor)
(将d*i换成S)
(原式=sum_{S=1}^{N}(lfloorfrac{N}{S}rfloor)*(lfloorfrac{M}{S}rfloor)*sum_{i|S}(frac{S}{i})^k*mu(i))
(设f(n)=sum_{i|n}(frac{n}{i})^k*mu(i))，它是个积性函数，可以线性筛
# include <bits/stdc++.h>
# define RG register
# define IL inline
# define Fill(a, b) memset(a, b, sizeof(a))
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int _(5e6 + 1), MOD(1e9 + 7);
IL ll Read(){
char c = '%'; ll x = 0, z = 1;
for(; c > '9' || c < '0'; c = getchar()) if(c == '-') z = -1;
for(; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = getchar()) x = x * 10 + c - '0';
return x * z;
}
int prime[_], num, mu[_], f[_], k, po[_], s[_];
bool isprime[_];
IL int Pow(RG ll x, RG ll y){
RG ll ret = 1;
for(; y; y >>= 1, x = x * x % MOD) if(y & 1) ret = ret * x % MOD;
return ret;
}
IL void Prepare(){
isprime[1] = 1; s[1] = f[1] = 1;
for(RG int i = 2; i < _; ++i){
if(!isprime[i]) prime[++num] = i, po[i] = Pow(i, k), f[i] = (po[i] - 1 + MOD) % MOD;
for(RG int j = 1; j <= num && i * prime[j] < _; ++j){
isprime[i * prime[j]] = 1;
if(i % prime[j]) f[i * prime[j]] = 1LL * f[i] * f[prime[j]] % MOD;
else{ f[i * prime[j]] = 1LL * f[i] * po[prime[j]] % MOD; break; }
}
s[i] = (f[i] + s[i - 1]) % MOD;
}
}
int main(RG int argc, RG char *argv[]){
RG ll T = Read(), n, m; k = Read(); Prepare();
for(; T; --T){
RG ll ans = 0; n = Read(); m = Read();
if(n > m) swap(n, m);
for(RG ll i = 1, j; i <= n; i = j + 1){
j = min(n / (n / i), m / (m / i));
(ans += 1LL * (s[j] - s[i - 1] + MOD) % MOD * (n / i) % MOD * (m / i) % MOD) %= MOD;
}
printf("%lldn", (ans + MOD) % MOD);
}
return 0;
}
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