一、简叙
写工控上位机的搬砖人，难免会遇到USB通讯，在一个项目中，我写的上位机使用USB HID协议和STM32通讯传输数据，从零大概花了几天找例程，找资料，最后是各种搬砖修补，终于出来了一个出版DOME，能和下位机实时通讯了。
HID通讯方式其实很常见，像鼠标、键盘等待外设都是这种方式，我也不知道为啥要用这种方式，我当初用它是因为其传输速率比串口快（忆当初下位机还没开发出网口的苦日子），再则其是免驱（win内置驱动，直接调API即可）。
HID识别设备主要通过设备的PID（厂商ID）和VID（产品ID），进而区分。
二、主体程序
网上找了很多版本，主体程序都是大同小异，最后我便借鉴了一篇博文，来砌我的主体程序。
很不出意外，砌出来的东西不行。记得以前听前辈说过一句话，你的薪资多高取决于你填坑的能力有多强。
现在想想确实如此，在这个互联网的时代，搬砖并不是一件难事，但是不能确保搬来的砖不是每一块都适合你，你必须要修修补补再用，所以修补的能力便成了你赚钱的能力。
还有我奉献各位年轻气旺年轻人，不要急于求成，网上找到源码不是难事，必须一步一个脚印，把源码啃了，不要以为会搬砖就老子天下第一，那有多难的事呀。（没错，我以前包括现在都是这么一个烂人，正努力扭正态度）。
我们不重复造车轮，但我们必须有造车轮的能力，出来混，迟早要跪的。
下面我贴上我的主要源码部分，基本和其他博文的一样：
namespace HID { #region 结构体 /// <summary> /// SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA structure defines a device interface in a device information set. /// </summary> public struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA { public int cbSize; public Guid interfaceClassGuid; public int flags; public int reserved; } /// <summary> /// SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA structure contains the path for a device interface. /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 2)] internal struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA { internal int cbSize; internal short devicePath; } /// <summary> /// SP_DEVINFO_DATA structure defines a device instance that is a member of a device information set. /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public class SP_DEVINFO_DATA { public int cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA)); public Guid classGuid = Guid.Empty; // temp public int devInst = 0; // dumy public int reserved = 0; } /// <summary> /// Flags controlling what is included in the device information set built by SetupDiGetClassDevs /// </summary> public enum DIGCF { DIGCF_DEFAULT = 0x00000001, // only valid with DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x00000002, DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = 0x00000004, DIGCF_PROFILE = 0x00000008, DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x00000010 } /// <summary> /// The HIDD_ATTRIBUTES structure contains vendor information about a HIDClass device /// </summary> public struct HIDD_ATTRIBUTES { public int Size; public ushort VendorID; public ushort ProductID; public ushort VersionNumber; } public struct HIDP_CAPS { public ushort Usage; public ushort UsagePage; public ushort InputReportByteLength; public ushort OutputReportByteLength; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 17)] public ushort[] Reserved; public ushort NumberLinkCollectionNodes; public ushort NumberInputButtonCaps; public ushort NumberInputValueCaps; public ushort NumberInputDataIndices; public ushort NumberOutputButtonCaps; public ushort NumberOutputValueCaps; public ushort NumberOutputDataIndices; public ushort NumberFeatureButtonCaps; public ushort NumberFeatureValueCaps; public ushort NumberFeatureDataIndices; } /// <summary> /// Type of access to the object. ///</summary> static class DESIREDACCESS { public const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000; public const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000; public const uint GENERIC_EXECUTE = 0x20000000; public const uint GENERIC_ALL = 0x10000000; } /// <summary> /// Action to take on files that exist, and which action to take when files do not exist. /// </summary> static class CREATIONDISPOSITION { public const uint CREATE_NEW = 1; public const uint CREATE_ALWAYS = 2; public const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3; public const uint OPEN_ALWAYS = 4; public const uint TRUNCATE_EXISTING = 5; } /// <summary> /// File attributes and flags for the file. /// </summary> static class FLAGSANDATTRIBUTES { public const uint FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH = 0x80000000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED = 0x40000000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING = 0x20000000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_RANDOM_ACCESS = 0x10000000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN = 0x08000000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE = 0x04000000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS = 0x02000000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS = 0x01000000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT = 0x00200000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_OPEN_NO_RECALL = 0x00100000; public const uint FILE_FLAG_FIRST_PIPE_INSTANCE = 0x00080000; } /// <summary> /// Serves as a standard header for information related to a device event reported through the WM_DEVICECHANGE message. /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct DEV_BROADCAST_HDR { public int dbcc_size; public int dbcc_devicetype; public int dbcc_reserved; } /// <summary> /// Contains information about a class of devices /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)] public struct DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE { public int dbcc_size; public int dbcc_devicetype; public int dbcc_reserved; public Guid dbcc_classguid; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 255)] public string dbcc_name; } static class DEVICE_FLAG { /// <summary>Windows message sent when a device is inserted or removed</summary> public const int WM_DEVICECHANGE = 0x0219; /// <summary>WParam for above : A device was inserted</summary> public const int DEVICE_ARRIVAL = 0x8000; /// <summary>WParam for above : A device was removed</summary> public const int DEVICE_REMOVECOMPLETE = 0x8004; /// <summary>Used when registering for device insert/remove messages : specifies the type of device</summary> public const int DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x05; /// <summary>Used when registering for device insert/remove messages : we're giving the API call a window handle</summary> public const int DEVICE_NOTIFY_WINDOW_HANDLE = 0; } /// <summary> /// Sharing mode of the file or object ///</summary> static class SHAREMODE { public const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001; public const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002; public const uint FILE_SHARE_DELETE = 0x00000004; } #endregion /// <summary> /// 传入ID和arraybuff（只读） /// </summary> public class report : EventArgs { public readonly byte reportID; //接收发送的数据（第一帧） public readonly byte[] reportBuff; //接收发送的数据（第二帧及以后） public report(byte id, byte[] arrayBuff) { reportID = id; reportBuff = arrayBuff; } } public class Hid { #region 声明winAPI // **************************以下是调用windows的API的函数********************************** /// <summary> /// The HidD_GetHidGuid routine returns the device interface GUID for HIDClass devices. /// </summary> /// <param name="HidGuid">a caller-allocated GUID buffer that the routine uses to return the device interface GUID for HIDClass devices.</param> [DllImport("hid.dll")] private static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid(ref Guid HidGuid); /// <summary> /// The SetupDiGetClassDevs function returns a handle to a device information set that contains requested device information elements for a local machine. /// </summary> /// <param name="ClassGuid">GUID for a device setup class or a device interface class. </param> /// <param name="Enumerator">A pointer to a NULL-terminated string that supplies the name of a PnP enumerator or a PnP device instance identifier. </param> /// <param name="HwndParent">A handle of the top-level window to be used for a user interface</param> /// <param name="Flags">A variable that specifies control options that filter the device information elements that are added to the device information set. </param> /// <returns>a handle to a device information set </returns> [DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)] private static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid ClassGuid, uint Enumerator, IntPtr HwndParent, DIGCF Flags); /// <summary> /// The SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList function deletes a device information set and frees all associated memory. /// </summary> /// <param name="DeviceInfoSet">A handle to the device information set to delete.</param> /// <returns>returns TRUE if it is successful. Otherwise, it returns FALSE </returns> [DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)] private static extern Boolean SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr deviceInfoSet); /// <summary> /// The SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces function enumerates the device interfaces that are contained in a device information set. /// </summary> /// <param name="deviceInfoSet">A pointer to a device information set that contains the device interfaces for which to return information</param> /// <param name="deviceInfoData">A pointer to an SP_DEVINFO_DATA structure that specifies a device information element in DeviceInfoSet</param> /// <param name="interfaceClassGuid">a GUID that specifies the device interface class for the requested interface</param> /// <param name="memberIndex">A zero-based index into the list of interfaces in the device information set</param> /// <param name="deviceInterfaceData">a caller-allocated buffer that contains a completed SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA structure that identifies an interface that meets the search parameters</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = false)] private static extern Boolean SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(IntPtr deviceInfoSet, IntPtr deviceInfoData, ref Guid interfaceClassGuid, uint memberIndex, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData); /// <summary> /// The SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail function returns details about a device interface. /// </summary> /// <param name="deviceInfoSet">A pointer to the device information set that contains the interface for which to retrieve details</param> /// <param name="deviceInterfaceData">A pointer to an SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA structure that specifies the interface in DeviceInfoSet for which to retrieve details</param> /// <param name="deviceInterfaceDetailData">A pointer to an SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA structure to receive information about the specified interface</param> /// <param name="deviceInterfaceDetailDataSize">The size of the DeviceInterfaceDetailData buffer</param> /// <param name="requiredSize">A pointer to a variable that receives the required size of the DeviceInterfaceDetailData buffer</param> /// <param name="deviceInfoData">A pointer buffer to receive information about the device that supports the requested interface</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = false, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] private static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(IntPtr deviceInfoSet, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData, IntPtr deviceInterfaceDetailData, int deviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, ref int requiredSize, SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfoData); /// <summary> /// The HidD_GetAttributes routine returns the attributes of a specified top-level collection. /// </summary> /// <param name="HidDeviceObject">Specifies an open handle to a top-level collection</param> /// <param name="Attributes">a caller-allocated HIDD_ATTRIBUTES structure that returns the attributes of the collection specified by HidDeviceObject</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("hid.dll")] private static extern Boolean HidD_GetAttributes(IntPtr hidDeviceObject, out HIDD_ATTRIBUTES attributes); /// <summary> /// The HidD_GetSerialNumberString routine returns the embedded string of a top-level collection that identifies the serial number of the collection's physical device. /// </summary> /// <param name="HidDeviceObject">Specifies an open handle to a top-level collection</param> /// <param name="Buffer">a caller-allocated buffer that the routine uses to return the requested serial number string</param> /// <param name="BufferLength">Specifies the length, in bytes, of a caller-allocated buffer provided at Buffer</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("hid.dll")] private static extern Boolean HidD_GetSerialNumberString(IntPtr hidDeviceObject, IntPtr buffer, int bufferLength); /// <summary> /// The HidD_GetPreparsedData routine returns a top-level collection's preparsed data. /// </summary> /// <param name="hidDeviceObject">Specifies an open handle to a top-level collection. </param> /// <param name="PreparsedData">Pointer to the address of a routine-allocated buffer that contains a collection's preparsed data in a _HIDP_PREPARSED_DATA structure.</param> /// <returns>HidD_GetPreparsedData returns TRUE if it succeeds; otherwise, it returns FALSE.</returns> [DllImport("hid.dll")] private static extern Boolean HidD_GetPreparsedData(IntPtr hidDeviceObject, out IntPtr PreparsedData); [DllImport("hid.dll")] private static extern Boolean HidD_FreePreparsedData(IntPtr PreparsedData); [DllImport("hid.dll")] private static extern uint HidP_GetCaps(IntPtr PreparsedData, out HIDP_CAPS Capabilities); /// <summary> /// This function creates, opens, or truncates a file, COM port, device, service, or console. /// </summary> /// <param name="fileName">a null-terminated string that specifies the name of the object</param> /// <param name="desiredAccess">Type of access to the object</param> /// <param name="shareMode">Share mode for object</param> /// <param name="securityAttributes">Ignored; set to NULL</param> /// <param name="creationDisposition">Action to take on files that exist, and which action to take when files do not exist</param> /// <param name="flagsAndAttributes">File attributes and flags for the file</param> /// <param name="templateFile">Ignored</param> /// <returns>An open handle to the specified file indicates success</returns> [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = false)] private static extern IntPtr CreateFile(string fileName, uint desiredAccess, uint shareMode, uint securityAttributes, uint creationDisposition, uint flagsAndAttributes, uint templateFile); /// <summary> /// This function closes an open object handle. /// </summary> /// <param name="hObject">Handle to an open object</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] private static extern int CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject); /// <summary> /// This function reads data from a file, starting at the position indicated by the file pointer. /// </summary> /// <param name="file">Handle to the file to be read</param> /// <param name="buffer">Pointer to the buffer that receives the data read from the file </param> /// <param name="numberOfBytesToRead">Number of bytes to be read from the file</param> /// <param name="numberOfBytesRead">Pointer to the number of bytes read</param> /// <param name="lpOverlapped">Unsupported; set to NULL</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", SetLastError = false)] private static extern bool ReadFile(IntPtr file, byte[] buffer, uint numberOfBytesToRead, out uint numberOfBytesRead, IntPtr lpOverlapped); /// <summary> /// This function writes data to a file /// </summary> /// <param name="file">Handle to the file to be written to</param> /// <param name="buffer">Pointer to the buffer containing the data to write to the file</param> /// <param name="numberOfBytesToWrite">Number of bytes to write to the file</param> /// <param name="numberOfBytesWritten">Pointer to the number of bytes written by this function call</param> /// <param name="lpOverlapped">Unsupported; set to NULL</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("Kernel32.dll", SetLastError = false)] private static extern bool WriteFile(IntPtr file, byte[] buffer, uint numberOfBytesToWrite, out uint numberOfBytesWritten, IntPtr lpOverlapped); /// <summary> /// Registers the device or type of device for which a window will receive notifications /// </summary> /// <param name="recipient">A handle to the window or service that will receive device events for the devices specified in the NotificationFilter parameter</param> /// <param name="notificationFilter">A pointer to a block of data that specifies the type of device for which notifications should be sent</param> /// <param name="flags">A Flags that specify the handle type</param> /// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is a device notification handle</returns> [DllImport("User32.dll", SetLastError = false)] private static extern IntPtr RegisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr recipient, IntPtr notificationFilter, int flags); /// <summary> /// Closes the specified device notification handle. /// </summary> /// <param name="handle">Device notification handle returned by the RegisterDeviceNotification function</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = false)] private static extern bool UnregisterDeviceNotification(IntPtr handle); #endregion #region 定义字段/属性 public UInt16 VID = 0x0483; public UInt16 PID = 0x5750; private IntPtr INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = new IntPtr(-1); private const int MAX_USB_DEVICES = 64; private bool deviceOpened = false; private FileStream hidDevice = null; //创建一个usb对象 //public IntPtr[] devices = new IntPtr[10]; //存储已打开可读写的设备 List<string> deviceList = new List<string>(); //存储所有设备 IntPtr device; //打开文件的设备 private bool IsRead = true; //允许读取标志 int outputReportLength;//输出报告长度,包刮一个字节的报告ID public int OutputReportLength { get { return outputReportLength; } } //数据长度 int inputReportLength;//输入报告长度,包刮一个字节的报告ID public int InputReportLength { get { return inputReportLength; } } private Guid device_class; #endregion /// <summary> /// 构造函数 /// </summary> public Hid() { device_class = HIDGuid; } #region 封装函数 /// <summary> /// 遍历所有设备，返回所有可用设备的VID/PID到字符串，以“rn”分割 /// </summary> /// <param name="deviceCount">设备数量</param> /// <returns></returns> public String ListHidDevice(ref int deviceCount) { //获取连接的HID列表 string str = ""; deviceCount = 0; deviceList.Clear(); GetHidDeviceList(ref deviceList);//调用函数获取所有连接设备并返回给实参列表deviceList //遍历所有设备 for (int i = 0; i < deviceList.Count; i++) { //打开设备文件（可读写）并返回句柄到device变量 device = CreateFile(deviceList[i], DESIREDACCESS.GENERIC_READ | DESIREDACCESS.GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, CREATIONDISPOSITION.OPEN_EXISTING, FLAGSANDATTRIBUTES.FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, 0); if (device != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { //devices[j] = device; //j++; HIDD_ATTRIBUTES attributes; HidD_GetAttributes(device, out attributes); str += "VID:" + attributes.VendorID.ToString("X4") + " PID:" + attributes.ProductID.ToString("X4") + "rn"; deviceCount++; CloseHandle(device); //释放打开的句柄 } } if (deviceCount == 0) { return "Unable to find equipment!"; } return str; } /// <summary> /// 打开指定信息的设备 /// </summary> /// <param name="vID">设备的vID</param> /// <param name="pID">设备的pID</param> public HID_RETURN OpenDevice(UInt16 vID, UInt16 pID) { if (deviceOpened == false) { for (int i = 0; i < deviceList.Count; i++) { //打开设备文件（可读写）并返回句柄到device变量 device = CreateFile(deviceList[i], DESIREDACCESS.GENERIC_READ | DESIREDACCESS.GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, CREATIONDISPOSITION.OPEN_EXISTING, FLAGSANDATTRIBUTES.FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, 0); HIDD_ATTRIBUTES attributes; HidD_GetAttributes(device, out attributes); if (attributes.VendorID == vID && attributes.ProductID == pID) // && deviceStr == serial { IntPtr preparseData; //测试长度 HIDP_CAPS caps; //结构体 HidD_GetPreparsedData(device, out preparseData); //获取 HidP_GetCaps(preparseData, out caps); //获取的结果传给结构体 HidD_FreePreparsedData(preparseData); //释放 outputReportLength = caps.OutputReportByteLength; //赋值输出长度 inputReportLength = caps.InputReportByteLength; //赋值输入长度 hidDevice = new FileStream(new SafeFileHandle(device, false), FileAccess.ReadWrite, inputReportLength, true); //实例化sub对象，对象为字段，所以全局调用同一个，这里已经定了读数据长度 deviceOpened = true; IsRead = true; //允许读取 BeginAsyncRead(); //打开成功马上自动读取 //返回打开成功 return HID_RETURN.SUCCESS; } else { CloseHandle(device); //释放打开的句柄 } } //返回打开失败 return HID_RETURN.DEVICE_NOT_FIND; } //返回已打开 else return HID_RETURN.DEVICE_OPENED; } /// <summary> /// 停止读取 /// </summary> public void StopRead() { IsRead = false; //禁止读取 } /// <summary> /// 开始读取 /// </summary> public void StatiRead() { IsRead = true; //允许读取 } /// <summary> /// 关闭打开的设备 /// </summary> public void CloseDevice() { IsRead = false; //禁止读取 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100); //线程等待，等待数据读完在关闭设备 if (deviceOpened == true) { hidDevice.Close(); //关闭usb deviceOpened = false; CloseHandle(device); //释放打开的句柄 } } /// <summary> /// 开始一次异步读 /// </summary> private void BeginAsyncRead() { byte[] inputBuff = new byte[InputReportLength]; if (IsRead) { try { //异步读数据，缓存区、开始读的帧、最大读取长度、读完异步调用的方法、将该特定的异步读取请求与其他请求区别开来 hidDevice.BeginRead(inputBuff, 0, InputReportLength, new AsyncCallback(ReadCompleted), inputBuff); } catch (Exception) { throw; } } } List<byte[]> buffer = new List<byte[]>(); /// <summary> /// 异步读取结束,发出有数据到达事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="iResult">这里是输入报告的数组</param> private void ReadCompleted(IAsyncResult iResult) { byte[] readBuff = (byte[])(iResult.AsyncState); //装载数据 buffer.Add(readBuff); if (IsRead) { try { try { hidDevice.EndRead(iResult);//读取结束,如果读取错误就会产生一个异常 byte[] reportData = new byte[readBuff.Length - 1]; //再次从第二帧开始装载 for (int i = 1; i < readBuff.Length; i++) reportData[i - 1] = readBuff[i]; report e = new report(readBuff[0], reportData); OnDataReceived(e); //触发事件 } finally { BeginAsyncRead();//启动下一次读操作 } } catch (IOException)//读写错误,设备已经被移除 { EventArgs ex = new EventArgs(); OnDeviceRemoved(ex);//发出设备移除消息 //CloseDevice(); } } } /// <summary> /// 事件:数据到达,处理此事件以接收输入数据 /// </summary> public event EventHandler<report> DataReceived; /// <summary> /// 调用数据到达事件方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="e"></param> protected virtual void OnDataReceived(report e) { DataReceived?.Invoke(this, e); } /// <summary> /// 事件：设置连接 /// </summary> public event EventHandler DeviceArrived; protected virtual void OnDeviceArrived(EventArgs e) { DeviceArrived?.Invoke(this, e); } /// <summary> /// 事件:设备断开 /// </summary> public event EventHandler DeviceRemoved; protected virtual void OnDeviceRemoved(EventArgs e) { DeviceRemoved?.Invoke(this, e); } /// <summary> /// 发送数据函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="buffer"></param> /// <returns></returns> public HID_RETURN Write(report r) { if (deviceOpened) { try { byte[] buffer = new byte[outputReportLength]; //存储数据位 buffer[0] = r.reportID; //数据位第一帧 int maxBufferLength = 0; //循环赋值 //判断数据长度-1 与 赋值列表长度-1的大小,循环赋值以最小的长度为准 if (r.reportBuff.Length < outputReportLength - 1) maxBufferLength = r.reportBuff.Length; else maxBufferLength = outputReportLength; //遍历赋值数据位第二帧及以后的数据 for (int i = 1; i < maxBufferLength; i++) buffer[i] = r.reportBuff[i - 1]; hidDevice.Write(buffer, 0, OutputReportLength); //缓存区、开始读的帧数、最大数据长度 IsRead = true;//允许读取 BeginAsyncRead(); //继续读取 } catch { EventArgs ex = new EventArgs(); OnDeviceRemoved(ex);//发出设备移除消息 CloseDevice(); } } return HID_RETURN.WRITE_FAILD; } /// <summary> /// 获取所有连接的hid的设备路径 /// </summary> /// <returns>包含每个设备路径的字符串数组</returns> public static void GetHidDeviceList(ref List<string> deviceList) { Guid hUSB = Guid.Empty; uint index = 0; deviceList.Clear(); // 取得hid设备全局id HidD_GetHidGuid(ref hUSB); //取得一个包含所有HID接口信息集合的句柄 IntPtr hidInfoSet = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref hUSB, 0, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF.DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF.DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE); if (hidInfoSet != IntPtr.Zero) { SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA interfaceInfo = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA(); interfaceInfo.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(interfaceInfo); //查询集合中每一个接口 for (index = 0; index < MAX_USB_DEVICES; index++) { //得到第index个接口信息 if (SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hidInfoSet, IntPtr.Zero, ref hUSB, index, ref interfaceInfo)) { int buffsize = 0; // 取得接口详细信息:第一次读取错误,但可以取得信息缓冲区的大小 SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hidInfoSet, ref interfaceInfo, IntPtr.Zero, buffsize, ref buffsize, null); //构建接收缓冲 IntPtr pDetail = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(buffsize); SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA detail = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA(); detail.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA)); Marshal.StructureToPtr(detail, pDetail, false); if (SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hidInfoSet, ref interfaceInfo, pDetail, buffsize, ref buffsize, null)) { deviceList.Add(Marshal.PtrToStringAuto((IntPtr)((int)pDetail + 4))); } Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pDetail); } } } SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hidInfoSet); //return deviceList.ToArray(); } ///// <summary> ///// 检测设备连接状态 ///// </summary> ///// <param name="m"></param> //public void ParseMessages(ref Message m) //{ // if (m.Msg == DEVICE_FLAG.WM_DEVICECHANGE) // we got a device change message! A USB device was inserted or removed // { // switch (m.WParam.ToInt32()) // Check the W parameter to see if a device was inserted or removed // { // case DEVICE_FLAG.DEVICE_ARRIVAL: // inserted // Console.WriteLine("ParseMessages 设备连接"); // if (DeviceArrived != null) // { // DeviceArrived(this, new EventArgs()); // } // CheckDevicePresent(VID, PID); // break; // case DEVICE_FLAG.DEVICE_REMOVECOMPLETE: // removed // Console.WriteLine("ParseMessages 设备拔除"); // if (DeviceRemoved != null) // { // DeviceRemoved(this, new EventArgs()); // } // CheckDevicePresent(VID, PID); // break; // } // } //} /// <summary> /// 打开指定设备 /// </summary> /// <param name="parameterVID">设备的VID</param> /// <param name="parameterPID">设备的PID</param> /// <returns>打开成功与否</returns> public bool CheckDevicePresent(ushort parameterVID, ushort parameterPID) { this.VID = parameterVID; this.PID = parameterPID; HID_RETURN hid_ret; try { hid_ret = OpenDevice(VID, PID); if (hid_ret == HID_RETURN.SUCCESS) { return true; } else { return false; } } catch (Exception) { throw; } } /// <summary> /// Helper to get the HID guid. /// </summary> public static Guid HIDGuid { get { Guid gHid = Guid.Empty; HidD_GetHidGuid(ref gHid); return gHid; //return new Guid("A5DCBF10-6530-11D2-901F-00C04FB951ED"); //gHid; } } /// <summary> /// btye数组转换为字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="bytes"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string ByteToHexString(byte[] bytes) { string str = string.Empty; if (bytes != null) { for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++) { str += bytes[i].ToString("X2"); } } return str; } public enum HID_RETURN { SUCCESS = 0, NO_DEVICE_CONECTED, DEVICE_NOT_FIND, DEVICE_OPENED, WRITE_FAILD, READ_FAILD } #endregion } }
三、坑之总结
我简单地总结了一下，坑有以下几个：
1.接收数据长度没对齐，导致接收不成功；
2.Win10调试成功，Win7调试失败；
3.32程序运行成功，64位程序运行失败；
4.异步接收数据顺序错乱。
四、谈坑
1.坑之接收不成
实话说，我也忘了为什么接收数据不成功，修改了哪里。因为我是在一年前写的这个程序，而最近同时需要我封的代码，且他的程序是64位的，我之前是32位，故不兼容，好人做到底，我就帮他稍微改了一下，兼容进去了。然后写下这篇随笔记录一下情况，方便追溯。
下面是我凭借零星的回忆，一顿乱说，我实在忘了原版（接收不成功）长啥样了。
接收数据不成功主要有两个原因，一个是接收数据的长度不对，另一个也是接收长度不对。我这里不是学鲁迅大师说话，两种情况是不一样的。
第一个接收长度不对是因为发送长度超过了64byte，HID帧数据不能超过64Byte，我也不知到为什么，亲测确实如此，如果有兴趣可以深究一下。
第二个报文的长度不对，
//异步读数据，缓存区、开始读的帧、最大读取长度、读完异步调用的方法、将该特定的异步读取请求与其他请求区别开来 hidDevice.BeginRead(inputBuff, 0, InputReportLength, new AsyncCallback(ReadCompleted), inputBuff);
上面的“InputReportLength”必须和下面的“inputReportLength”相同，其是报文的长度。
outputReportLength = caps.OutputReportByteLength; //赋值输出长度 inputReportLength = caps.InputReportByteLength; //赋值输入长度
2.坑之win7发送失败
这个坑确实很坑爹，之前在win10下用得好好的，后面来了一台win7的工控机，然后就发送不了数据了。
后面把第一帧数据改成“0x00”，又可以了，就那么神奇，哎！
3.坑之x64框架枚举设备失败
这个坑，其实也不叫坑，只能说明我的技术不行，被虐得完无体肤！网上查了海量资料，遇到我这个问题的不多，并且大部分回答都是把x64改成x86，显然这并不是我想要的答案。还有少部分人说是winAPI调用错了，改成x64要改成x64的API，然后又给出了一些修改特性的方式，只能说，统统不行！我理解是，同样的声明方式，win系统会更加我们软件框架不一样，自动调用相应winAPI，x86的API在C:WindowsSysWOW64文件夹里，而x64的API在C:WindowsSystem32文件夹里。
x86和x64的数据长度是有差异的，包括指针的长度都是不一样。
我在x86下，调用“SetupDiGetClassDevs”获取设备信息集的句柄时返回的地址大概是9位数左右，而在x64中，返回的地址大概是13位数。
IntPtr hidInfoSet = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref hUSB, 0, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF.DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF.DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
当枚举列表中的设备时，返回false！
SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hidInfoSet, IntPtr.Zero, ref hUSB, index, ref interfaceInfo)
我们会想到一个声明句柄的类型“IntPtr”，平台特定的整数类型。资源的大小取决于使用的硬件和操作系统，即此类型的实例在32位硬件和操作系统中将是32位，在64位硬件和操作系统中将是64位；但其大小总是足以包含系统的指针（因此也可以包含资源的名称），关心的小伙伴可以深入了解一下。
问题又缩小了，肯定是哪个类型声明有问题。细分析了一下，
SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces中五个参数中，前面四个都没有问题，问题肯定出在最后一个参数“interfaceInfo”，而最后一个参数是SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA类型的结构体，那问题肯定在结构体中某个成员，再查了一下这个结构体，最后一个成员是指针类型“reserved”
public struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA { public int cbSize; public Guid interfaceClassGuid; public int flags; public int reserved; }
于是把“reserved”的类型改成IntPtr类型即可，果然能通过枚举。后面又用同样的方式修改了其他结构体“reserved”的类型。
这里还有个小问题，上面结构体的其他成员类型不要修改，我之前把int改成uint，报内存溢出的错误。
4.坑之接收数据顺序错乱
如前面所言，我用usb主要是考虑传输速度，所以下位机发上来的频率基本是1ms一次，貌似异步接收还是反应不错的。
但是解析数据就有点和想的不太一样了，我把数据采集上来，用动态波形图显示在上位机，但是显示时明显发现数据是不对的，后面监听发现数据排序的有问题，比如后一帧数据比前一帧数据解析完成早。
后面利用开了三个线程来解决这个问题，一个线程专门接收数据（异步接收），接到立马放到list里，然后开一个线程解析数据，再开一个线程显示。这里必须要做多线程同步，不然还是没有达到我们的要求。我是用线程的信号来处理他们之间同步的，因为这里涉及的东西比较多，后面有空再单独整理。
五、学不完的新知识，调不完的BUG
虽然解决了几个HID的坑，目前来说是没有多大问题，但是并不能保证以后没有新的需求新的bug出现，革命尚未完成，同志仍需努力！
本人并非计算机科班出身，对于编程也不是说很热爱，曾经年少时，觉得黑客很牛逼，很酷，于是就踏上了这一条“不归路”，学不完的新知识，调不完的新bug，应了那句，从入门到入土。
我们必须要放低态度，以无知，无我的状态修身，才能知之，自我！
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