Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # docker版本
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker [命令] --help # 查看某个具体的命令
镜像命令
查看下载的所有镜像
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.6 8de95e6026c3 20 hours ago 302MB
redis latest 36304d3b4540 12 days ago 104MB
mysql latest 30f937e841c8 2 weeks ago 541MB
centos/mysql-57-centos7 latest f83a2938370c 8 months ago 452MB
解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库名
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像ID
CREATED 镜像创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
可选项
Options:
-a, --all # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像ID
搜索镜像
# docker search jdk
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
ubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating sys… 15147 [OK]
websphere-liberty WebSphere Liberty multi-architecture images … 290 [OK]
ubuntu-upstart DEPRECATED, as is Upstart (find other proces… 112 [OK]
neurodebian NeuroDebian provides neuroscience research s… 94 [OK]
ubuntu/nginx Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & we… 64
open-liberty Open Liberty multi-architecture images based… 55 [OK]
ubuntu-debootstrap DEPRECATED; use "ubuntu" instead 49 [OK]
# 可选项,通过收藏来过滤
--filter=stars=3000 # 搜索出来的镜像收藏就是大于3000的
下载镜像
# docker pull
[root@CZP ~] # docker pull nginx [:tag]
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag 默认使用最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete # 分层下载,docker image核心 联合文件系统
8d69e59170f7: Pull complete
3f9f1ec1d262: Pull complete
d1f5ff4f210d: Pull complete
1e22bfa8652e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:21f32f6c08406306d822a0e6e8b7dc81f53f336570e852e25fbe1e3e3d0d0133 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest # 真实地址
# docker pull nginx 等价于 dicker pull docker.io/library/nginx:latest
#指定版本下载
删除镜像
# docker rmi
# 删除指定的容器
[root@CZP ~]# docker rm -f 8de95e6026c3
# 删除全部的容器
[root@CZP ~]# docker rm -f $(docker -ap)
# 删除包含none的容器
docker rmi $(docker images | grep "none" | awk '{print $3}')
容器命令
说明 : 有了镜像才可以创建容器,
docker pull [image]
新建容器并启动
# docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="" 容器名字 用于区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 80:8080 主机端口:容器端口
-P(大写) 随机指定容器的端口
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令 （不加参数）列出当前正在运行的容器
# 参数说明
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@CZP ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@CZP ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
919e58ff5521 redis "docker-entrypoint.s…" 20 hours ago Exited (0) 16 hours ago redis
退出容器
exit # 直接容器停止并退出
ctrl + p + q # 直接退出容器
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器(可一次删除多个，各id之间用空格隔开)
docker rm -f[递归] $(docker ps -aq) # 递归删除所有的容器
docker ps -a | xargs docker rm # 递归删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令docker run -d 镜像名
# 常见的坑: docker容器后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
#nginx, 容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器
# 参数说明
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 要显示的日志条数
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 centosv1
2021-06-26T01:38:12.739000465Z [root@ef24fc0af36a /]# docker ps
2021-06-26T01:38:12.739180686Z bash: docker: command not found
2021-06-26T01:38:21.504914487Z [root@ef24fc0af36a /]# exit
2021-06-26T01:38:21.504931415Z exit
查看容器中进程信息
docker top 容器id
[root@CZP ~]# docker top 63d4c4115212
UID PID PPID C STIME
polkitd 2319 2301 0 12:33
查看镜像元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@CZP ~]# docker inspect 63d4c4115212
[
{
"Id": "63d4c41152126cae276b69e1100520f9d6d867f950e488b5488de68181b7870b",
"Created": "2020-06-10T04:33:13.666827714Z",
"Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"redis-server"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 2319,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-06-10T04:33:14.008260846Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:36304d3b4540c5143673b2cefaba583a0426b57c709b5a35363f96a3510058cd",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/63d4c41152126cae276b69e1100520f9d6d867f950e488b5488de68181b7870b/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/63d4c41152126cae276b69e1100520f9d6d867f950e488b5488de68181b7870b/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/63d4c41152126cae276b69e1100520f9d6d867f950e488b5488de68181b7870b/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/63d4c41152126cae276b69e1100520f9d6d867f950e488b5488de68181b7870b/63d4c41152126cae276b69e1100520f9d6d867f950e488b5488de68181b7870b-json.log",
"Name": "/redis",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {
"6379/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "",
"HostPort": "6379"
}
]
},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/db63749d3abd5e587a88360e27fc9b5b0db7069b45e2bd8c48c75e25eba89100-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/30d298e0d46edd68a8cbb588247384b9516d1140f5ca592b7f0b1c04618111f0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af6963cd652870740eec10549b2a6c8f08b94edb3a3cea1a42d727026bb6d5a0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af514c78199cdcfb30194921b892782dacbe1a3f439167f2f434b2f5a55ab5c3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b1e020f1a03a66483794af0cf20d59e8dfa471f692ecaa145398d30500370a2a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e55685d1f4ea504c3df5c3cbe822ab000f6412d3eff50b6b8ba097fb551ad922/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/df78a0d3f0dbc449650ce5605d67ff45e93dbadc4fe93d2b7552203a31ab46a8/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/db63749d3abd5e587a88360e27fc9b5b0db7069b45e2bd8c48c75e25eba89100/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/db63749d3abd5e587a88360e27fc9b5b0db7069b45e2bd8c48c75e25eba89100/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/db63749d3abd5e587a88360e27fc9b5b0db7069b45e2bd8c48c75e25eba89100/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "f544b94e9e0129e7f438b851edbfc94a82c96e6fdda44179d38e20f800878a6a",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/f544b94e9e0129e7f438b851edbfc94a82c96e6fdda44179d38e20f800878a6a/_data",
"Destination": "/data",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "63d4c4115212",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"6379/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.12",
"REDIS_VERSION=6.0.4",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.0.4.tar.gz",
"REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=3337005a1e0c3aa293c87c313467ea8ac11984921fab08807998ba765c9943de"
],
"Cmd": [
"redis-server"
],
"Image": "36304d3b4540",
"Volumes": {
"/data": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "/data",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "5f8321169dfd067e45f2921d73984d0d76e953cd642d93990d1ed8a3227ad53f",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"6379/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": "6379"
}
]
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/5f8321169dfd",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "33eafd9f86d5e7a3b29ed09fe75d8eb27e0227a07607960550dfef7f620a6872",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "228826a97a0b066a01811c098e4c4985804598571b9c8d9ad4205a0ee75c8b5b",
"EndpointID": "33eafd9f86d5e7a3b29ed09fe75d8eb27e0227a07607960550dfef7f620a6872",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell 默认命令行
docker attach 容器id
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
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