以下是上传图片文件时 , tcp的传输过程
15:38:07.695683 IP localhost.35648 > localhost.tproxy: Flags [S], seq 87768135, win 43690, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val 130193903 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0 15:38:07.695692 IP localhost.tproxy > localhost.35648: Flags [S.], seq 872635961, ack 87768136, win 43690, options [mss 65495,sackOK,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903,nop,wscale 7], length 0 15:38:07.695699 IP localhost.35648 > localhost.tproxy: Flags [.], ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 0 15:38:07.695949 IP localhost.35648 > localhost.tproxy: Flags [.], seq 1:21846, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 21845 15:38:07.695953 IP localhost.tproxy > localhost.35648: Flags [.], ack 21846, win 1365, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 0 15:38:07.696828 IP localhost.35648 > localhost.tproxy: Flags [.], seq 21846:87329, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 65483 15:38:07.696833 IP localhost.tproxy > localhost.35648: Flags [.], ack 87329, win 2388, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 0 15:38:07.697173 IP localhost.35648 > localhost.tproxy: Flags [.], seq 87329:152812, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 65483 15:38:07.697177 IP localhost.tproxy > localhost.35648: Flags [.], ack 152812, win 3411, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 0 15:38:07.697499 IP localhost.35648 > localhost.tproxy: Flags [P.], seq 152812:154298, ack 1, win 342, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 1486 15:38:07.697503 IP localhost.tproxy > localhost.35648: Flags [.], ack 154298, win 3625, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 0 15:38:07.698058 IP localhost.35648 > localhost.tproxy: Flags [F.], seq 154298, ack 243, win 350, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 0 15:38:07.698122 IP localhost.tproxy > localhost.35648: Flags [F.], seq 243, ack 154299, win 3625, options [nop,nop,TS val 130193903 ecr 130193903], length 0
三次握手的过程
客户端===>服务器[S] 标志位SYN 是1 , mss 65495 (每个包传输的最大数据部分是65495字节) seq序列号是87768135
服务器===>客户端[S.] 标志位SYN是1 , 标志位ACK是1 , seq 序列号是872635961 , ack确认是 87768136 (上面seq+1)
客户端===>服务器[.] 标志位ACK是1
开始上传文件:
客户端===>服务器 seq 1:21846
服务器===>客户端 ack确认收到 21846
客户端===>服务器 seq 21846:87329
服务器===>客户端 ack确认收到 87329
客户端===>服务器 seq 87329:152812
服务器===>客户端 ack确认收到 152812
客户端===>服务器 seq 152812:154298
服务器===>客户端 ack确认收到 154298
结束
这里可以看到保证TCP连接的可靠性的几种方式
1.数据包校验，发送方计算校验和，接收方结算校验和，进行对比
2.应答机制，seq序列号与ack确认号
3.超时重传机制，发送后启动定时器，进行重传
4.连接管理，三次和四次
5.对失序数据包重排序
6.流量控制和拥塞控制，使用滑动窗口协商大小
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文章来源: 博客园
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