单片机三个引脚控制16路流水灯

我们先来看下最终的效果

我们先用单片机按照74HC595手动分解的例子，来实现我们想要的结果。
首先，我们让16个LED灯交叉亮起来

代码部分：

int STCP_Pin = 4;
int SHCP_Pin = 6;
int DS_Pin = 5; 


void setup ()
{
  pinMode(STCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SHCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(DS_Pin,OUTPUT); 
}

// 我们先让16个灯交叉亮
void loop()
{
  while(1)
  {
    digitalWrite(STCP_Pin, LOW);
    
    // 1
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 2
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 3
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 4
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 5
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 6
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    
    // 7
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 8
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 9
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 10
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 11
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 12
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    
    // 13
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 14
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 15
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    // 16
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
    
    digitalWrite(STCP_Pin, HIGH);    
  }
}

运行效果

然后我们再把代码简化一下，使其看起来更简洁，实用

int STCP_Pin = 4;
int SHCP_Pin = 6;
int DS_Pin = 5; 


void setup ()
{
  pinMode(STCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SHCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(DS_Pin,OUTPUT); 
  
  digitalWrite(STCP_Pin, LOW);
}

void loop()
{
  unsigned char LED_Data;
  
  while(1)
  {
    
      LED_Data = 0xAA;
      // 第一个8位
      digitalWrite(STCP_Pin, LOW); 
      for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
      {
        if(LED_Data&0x80){ digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);}
        else             { digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW); }

        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
        LED_Data <<=1;
      } 
    
      // 第二个8位
      LED_Data = 0xAA;
      for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
      {
        if(LED_Data&0x80){ digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);}
        else             { digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW); }

        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
        LED_Data <<=1;
      } 

      digitalWrite(STCP_Pin, HIGH); 

    delay(1000);
  }
}

我们稍微改变下，让LED灯按照我们的意思工作，封装一下函数，然后让中间四个灯亮起来

int STCP_Pin = 4;
int SHCP_Pin = 6;
int DS_Pin = 5; 

void HC595_Write(unsigned char data1, unsigned char data2);

void setup ()
{
  pinMode(STCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SHCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(DS_Pin,OUTPUT); 

}

void loop()
{
  unsigned char LED_Data1 = 0x03;
  unsigned char LED_Data2 = 0xC0;
  while(1)
  {
    HC595_Write(LED_Data1, LED_Data2);
    delay(1000);
  }
}

void HC595_Write(unsigned char data1, unsigned char data2)
{       
      // 第一个8位
      digitalWrite(STCP_Pin, LOW); 
      for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
      {
        if(data1&0x80){ digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);}
        else             { digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW); }

        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
        data1 <<=1;
      } 
    
      // 第二个8位
      for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
      {
        if(data2&0x80){ digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);}
        else             { digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW); }

        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
        data2 <<=1;
      } 

      digitalWrite(STCP_Pin, HIGH); 
}

中间四个LED灯亮的效果

然后我们连贯起来搞个流水的灯玩玩

int STCP_Pin = 4;
int SHCP_Pin = 6;
int DS_Pin = 5; 

unsigned char LED_Data1[8] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08,
                               0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80};
unsigned char LED_Data2[8] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08,
                               0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80};

void HC595_Write(unsigned char data1, unsigned char data2);

void setup ()
{
  pinMode(STCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SHCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(DS_Pin,OUTPUT); 

}

void loop()
{

  while(1)
  {
    for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
    {
        HC595_Write(0x00, LED_Data1[i]);
        delay(1000);
    }
    
    for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
    {
        HC595_Write( LED_Data2[i], 0x00);
        delay(1000);
    }
  }
}

void HC595_Write(unsigned char data1, unsigned char data2)
{       
      // 第一个8位
      digitalWrite(STCP_Pin, LOW); 
      for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
      {
        if(data1&0x80){ digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);}
        else             { digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW); }

        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
        data1 <<=1;
      } 
    
      // 第二个8位
      for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
      {
        if(data2&0x80){ digitalWrite(DS_Pin, HIGH);}
        else             { digitalWrite(DS_Pin, LOW); }

        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, LOW);
        digitalWrite(SHCP_Pin, HIGH);
        data2 <<=1;
      } 

      digitalWrite(STCP_Pin, HIGH); 
}

最终的流水灯实验效果


当然arduino本身自带了移位函数，同样可以达到效果

int STCP_Pin = 4;
int SHCP_Pin = 6;
int DS_Pin = 5; 

unsigned char LED_Data1[8] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08,
                               0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80};
unsigned char LED_Data2[8] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08,
                               0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80};

void setup ()
{
  pinMode(STCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SHCP_Pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(DS_Pin,OUTPUT); 
}
void loop()
{
  for(int a=0; a<8; a++)   
  {
    digitalWrite(STCP_Pin,LOW); 
    shiftOut(DS_Pin,SHCP_Pin,MSBFIRST,LED_Data1[a]);
    shiftOut(DS_Pin,SHCP_Pin,MSBFIRST,0x00);
    digitalWrite(STCP_Pin,HIGH); 
    delay(500); 
  }
  
  for(int a=0; a<8; a++)   
  {
    digitalWrite(STCP_Pin,LOW); 
    shiftOut(DS_Pin,SHCP_Pin,MSBFIRST,0x00);
    shiftOut(DS_Pin,SHCP_Pin,MSBFIRST,LED_Data2[a]);
    digitalWrite(STCP_Pin,HIGH); 
    delay(500); 
  }
}

流水的延时500ms的效果

总结：

1、复杂的功能，深入分解后背后的原理其实还是挺简单的；

2、我们绝大部分时候都在造“轮子“，殊不知更优秀的“轮子”已经造好了；知晓“轮子”的由来，然后造出更优秀的“轮子”给自己用也是单片机学习路上的一项重要技能。

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